The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. Table of contents: The Tallest Mountain in Europe The Largest Lake in Europe The Longest River in Europe The Highest Waterfall in Europe The Longest Beach in Europe The Deepest Cave in Europe The Tallest Volcano in Europe Biggest Glacier in Europe To contact our editors please use our contact form. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. Critics believe the process of attaining EU membership is too difficult for Europes developing economies. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. These camps were mostly populated by Roma, also called Gypsies. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Physical features, weather-related phenomena, and local resources had a deep impact on how historic European cultures prospered, interacted, and believed their world worked.The geography and climate of the Mediterranean region, for example, directly influenced Greek mythology. It is the smallest country both in size and population. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Xenophobia is an intense dislike or fear of people from other places or cultures.Two events demonstrate this debate. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom? These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. The program has provided a lasting economic boost to cities and regions, raised their international profiles, and enhanced their images in the eyes of their own inhabitants.Each year, two or three cities are chosen to produce a year-long program of cultural events. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. The Mediterranean Sea to the south separates Europe from Africa. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. She or he will best know the preferred format. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Switzerland's administrative capital is Bern, while Lausanne serves as its judicial centre. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. 3. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Updates? In 2000 the population was 857 million, using a definition which includes the whole of the transcontinental countries of Russia and Turkey. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. 12. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Europe is the second-smallest continent. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. 4. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. Corrections? It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. There is ongoing debate on where the geographical centre of Europe falls. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Kosovo is a. Lake Ladoga is the worlds 14th largest lake by area, and Russia also has the deepest lake in the world Lake Baikal. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. This description is simplified. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. All rights reserved. Veuillez activer JavaScript. 2. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 From there it flows to the Caspian Sea. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. The tundra, found in Iceland and the northern reaches of Scandinavia and Russia, is a treeless region where small mosses, lichens, and ferns grow. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Europe's population is 741.4 million people. Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. Si prega di abilitare JavaScript. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. Germany's largest wooded area,. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. The ultimate fate of the European Space Agency's JUICE mission could drastically change should it succeed in discovering that Ganymede's ocean is both potentially habitable and accessible. A fjord is a long and narrow inlet of the sea that is surrounded by high, rugged cliffs. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Europe is the second-smallest continent, but the third-largest in population. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Topography studies the . Greece is well known for the thousands of islands dotting the three seas that surround the country. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. 0. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. Svalbard ), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the Arctic,! Region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy and,. 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