You can search the issues of the student newspaper, either by date or by keyword, by visiting the Columbia Spectator Digital Archive. [email protected] The Core Curriculum is the cornerstone of the Columbia College education. | Rather, it asks students to join a small group of classmates to raise questions and debate answers.. FroSci offers fascinating lectures by theoretical physicists like Brian Greene or Daphna Shohamy, Scientific Advisor for Pixars Inside Out. It is published every spring by the Office of the Registrar. Columbia College Today The honest reality of the Core Curriculum is that there will be courses and books that students strongly dislike and will not miss. Director of Undergraduate Writing Program This is a year-long sequence that examines famous classical texts, progressing through the foundational works of western literature and thought. Reading List for the Comprehensive Exams in Russian Literature, (Titles in bold are strongly recommended; other titles are suggested). Mitchell. At the podium, Columbia College graduates emerge both uniquely qualified in their arena of study and educated in one Liberal Arts tradition. At the time, President Frederick Augustus Porter recognized the need to move toward more elective programs and pushed adamantly toward this shift as other schools began to broaden their liberal arts education requirements. Started in 1919, the goal of the Core is to provide all Columbia students with wide-ranging perspectives on significant ideas and achievements in literature, philosophy, history, music, art and science. Taught by members of the Departments of Classics; English and Comparative Literature; French; German; Italian; Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies; Philosophy; Religion; Slavic Languages; and Latin American and Iberian Cultures; as well as members of the Society of Fellows. There are some exceptions to this, too. Spending a semester diving into the cultural and historical influences and interpretive frameworks of music and art, while attending free concerts at Lincoln Center and perusing ancient relics at the Met, offers refreshing and stimulating intellectual respite from the grind. The Columbia Core at its core (see what we did there) is meant to inspire and provoke curiosity from students and have them engage with topics or viewpoints they might not have otherwise. In Units of Study, students only spend limited time in a whole-group "minilesson," before moving on to the reading workshop, during which they apply the skills taught in the minilesson to. In the Core Curriculum, the pursuit of better questions is every bit as important as the pursuit of better answers. Barnard College In order to use the University Archives collections at the RBML, you will be required to register your own Special Collections Research Account before your visit and to validate the account in person with government-issued photo identification or Columbia ID card. [email protected], Columbia University in the City of New York The Core Curriculum is the set of courses required of all undergraduates at Columbia as a general education regardless of their choice in major. The reading list spans coming-of-age novels from Germany, France, England, and the United States, from the 1790s through the 2010s. Click above to watch a video on the Columbia Core. The Core Curriculum is the cornerstone of undergraduate education at Columbia. Another important class is Masterpieces of European Literature and Philosophy (sometimes referred to as Literature Humanities or simply Lit Hum). One of the most influential courses is the Contemporary Civilization course, a class that has roots all the way back to 1919 and spans two full semesters. HUMACC1001EURPN LIT-PHILOS MASTERPIECS I. Its art history. This should lead you directly to your Special Collections Research Account to complete the request form. For more than 100 years, the Core Curriculum has prompted students to grapple with the persistent problems of the present by considering the stories, ideas, images, and sounds that have shaped their world. [email protected], Zo Strother Now, there are exemptions for things like physical education if you have a disability, or placement exams for languages, but for the most part every student will take the whole core. The EMBA structure: First-year EMBA students are divided into clusters, made up of 30 to 70 students who take every core course together.Clusters are further broken into learning teams of five or six students with diverse professional backgrounds. 621 Dodge; 212-854-8191 | Nancy and Jeffrey Marcus Professor of the Humanities TLS REVIEWS A HISTORY OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE BY IRINA REYFMAN ET AL. CC101. The course is not a survey, but a series of careful readings of literary works that reward both first encounters and long study. There are loads of languages offered. 1130 Amsterdam Avenue Series III: General Education and Core Curriculum Review, 1966-1985. Rare Book & Manuscript Library I got this information from a Columbia newspaper. All Rights Reserved. 202 Hamilton The Columbia curriculum is widely regarded as flexible, allowing options for students to personalize their education to their interests and aspirations. (11 Folders) 9/1940-5/1962. (Box 577 Folder 6). The UK places primary focus on academic merit when evaluating applicants and requires them to specialize in a fixed track. In addition, a single course can only satisfy one core requirement at a time. It makes you a better thinker and sets you up for success post-graduation. The Core Curriculum is the cornerstone of undergraduate education at Columbia. In the later part of the decade and moving forward into the early 20th century, the university developed courses in modern languages that were required of all students. in Slavic Languages (track in Czech, Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature). The central intellectual mission of the Core is to provide all students with wide-ranging perspectives on significant ideas and achievements in literature, philosophy, history, music, art, and science. Common learning include knowledge, skills and values. We have nothing snarky to say on this one. AP course credit, which is often used at comparable universities to fulfill general education requirements, also cannot be used for the Columbia Core Curriculum (with the occasional exception of foreign languages). This issue was brought to the forefront with a play by Vaclav Havel in the fall of 2006. One of my favorite experiences at Columbia came through MusicHum, where I developed my closest faculty mentorship under a young, eccentric and globally-emerging composer. 3. Online college courses are often completed at your own leisure. Columbia College Bulletin - Linguistics Barnard College Bulletin Graduate Courses Undergraduate courses Summer Courses Undergraduate Programs General Information (FAQ) Majors and concentrations Russian language and culture Russian literature and culture Slavic Studies Concentration-only tracks Russian literature Slavic language and culture | is included in the registration materials sent to students. [email protected], Lisa Hollibaugh For students who have yet to declare a major, the Columbia Core Curriculum can help provide insight into their personal skills, interest, and potential career paths. By 1947,Art HumanitiesandMusic Humanitieshad been added, and a new course inAsian Humanitieswas introduced. Since all students are required (more or less) to take the same core courses, students are guaranteed to complete the Core with solid intellectual development. The mission of the Core curriculum is to provide all students, regardless of major, career goals and degree concentration, with a variety of perspectives on universal topics. Columbias Core Curriculum classes are even smaller, existing as seminar classes to allow direct connection with faculty. Through the Columbia Core Curriculum, students will be forced to study many different subjects. If LitHum focuses on classical literature, CC provides an introduction to philosophy, diving deeper into the ideas and arguments influencing the social, political and economic systems undergirding the West. The Core Curriculum concludes with two Global Core electives. This series contains proposals to merge Humanities and Contemporary Civilization, reports on the Core Curriculum as a whole, and proposals for the integration of courses focused on "non-Western" literature, culture, philosophy, and history into either the Core or specific majors. Essays in honor of Robert L. Belknap, Summer Fellowship for the Study of Ukrainian Language, In Memoriam Catharine Nepomnyashchy (1951 - 2015), In Memoriam of Frank J. Miller (1940 - 2016), Robert A. Maguire Prize in Slavic Studies, Yuri Shevchuk in the Hromadske Radio studio, Professor Yuri Shevchuk presents on issues of language, identity culture, and filmmaking, Ukrainian Language Students Discover Ukrainian New York, Russian language students at The Nicholas Roerich Museum, The Ph.D. in Slavic Languages (track in Russian Literature) (Prior to fall 2020), The Ph.D. in Slavic Languages (track in Russian Literature) (effective fall 2020), The Ph.D. in Slavic Languages (track in Russian Literature with a Certificate in Comparative Literature) (Prior to fall 2020), The Ph.D. in Slavic Languages (track in Russian Literature with a Certificate in Comparative Literature) (effective fall 2020), The Ph.D. Slavic Languages (track in Czech, Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature with a Certificate in Comparative Literature) (prior to fall 2020), The Ph.D. in Slavic Languages (track in Czech, Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature with a Certificate in Comparative Literature) (effective fall 2020), The M.A. It is required of all students. A likely realization is for students to recognize how much of Western society profits from appropriating cultural constructs and ideas originating from the rest of the world - a humbling and critical perspective which challenges and re-frames worldviews. Course. The Columbia Core is one of the most important things to Columbia. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Despite these politically-addled origins, the Core Curriculum pressed on, joining a movement with other US universities in the later decades of the 1900s toward a more elective educational system. Copies of the reading list and a sample of the exam are available from the ADA and from the Exam Coordinator. It's a communal learning experience that cultivates community-wide discourse and deliberate contemplation around seminal works, contemporary issues and humanity's most enduring questions. The University of Chicago was incorporated as a coeducational: 137 institution in 1890 by the American Baptist Education Society, using $400,000 donated to the ABES to supplement a $600,000 donation from Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller, and including land donated by Marshall Field. Stay on track and ease your anxiety with our second-to-none college application assistance. There are some criticisms of the Core Curriculum. Timothy P Cross. Find out more about the Columbia Core. Contemporary Civilization (Program of required coursework). However, with a broad range of classes required as part of the core, its unlikely that there are other courses students would want to explore. Sign up below. Students are expected to write at least two papers, to complete two examinations each semester, and to participate actively in class discussions, Columbia University in the City of New York If youre a student athlete, youre exempt. If youve taken other languages, or are fluent in a second language, you might be able to place in a higher-level class or out of the requirement entirely. Chair of Art Humanities Yuri Shevchuk published a detailed analysis and critique of the new project of the Ukrainian Orthography (spelling rules) prepared for public discussion by the Education and Science Ministry of Ukraine. Senior Lecturer in the Discipline of English andComparative Literature 208 Hamilton; 212-854-2443 Major works by over twenty authors, ranging in time, theme, and genre, from Homer to Virginia Woolf. Beginning as the University Record (September 1973-May 1975) and continuing to this day as the Columbia University Record (July 1975-present), this important university-wide publication, now scanned and fully searchable, is an incredibly rich resource of past Columbia activities, events, scientific research, awards and honors, faculty and staff updates, and informative profiles of campus personalities from 1973 to June 2016. Curriculum (IRP) information for British Columbia's Kindergarten to Grade 12 education system For your enjoyment here is a reading list compiled by Savannah Pearson, Comparative Literature and Society major CC' 20, with the help of her fellow Class of 2020. At first glance, the requirements of the Columbia Core Curriculum may seem like a burden especially to students who are majoring in STEM-disciplines that, at other universities, would require very few courses in the humanities. There has also been some recent controversy over whether visiting artists and scholars to Columbia should have the privilege of having their works added to the syllabus. These requirements include: All students must also take and pass a swimming test before they receive their diplomas, which is a feature shared among all Ivy League universities. Chair of Frontiers of Science To get started on your research about Columbia's Core Curriculum: This site offers general information about the Core for current students (classes, requirements, policies and prizes) but also offers information about the history of the Core. 212 Hamilton Hall In 2010, governors and state school officials released the Common Core State Standards - a set of benchmarked recommendations meant to provide "a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them.". Another criticism of the core is that only courses of three points or more can fulfill the requirements of the Columbia Core Curriculum, and that independent study also cannot be used for these requirements. Ultimately, the Core will help you develop intellectual tools and habits of mind youll use long after you leave college, enabling you to solve multidimensional problems and find answers to profound questions that might at times seem unanswerable. Sign up for the The Admissions Strategist newsletter to get the latest information on college and career success, Connect us with your school principal! Some schools offer loose academic frameworks students fill to complete their degree requirements while others require exact courses unchanged in name and content for over decades. All first-year students are preregistered in Literature Humanities. Notice of Non-Discrimination Lectures will focus on the novel as a literary form in dialogue with other literary works; with historical events; and with ideas drawn from philosophy, psychology, and sociology. Right - Students walking out of front entrance of Hamilton Hall next to Alexander Hamilton statue. A Personal Education; A Catholic Education; St. Thomas Aquinas; Laity & Religious; Career Planning . "Columbia Forum: An electronic Tower of Babel" (Excerpt from a speech given by John D. Rosenberg CC 1950, the William Peterfeld Trent Professor of English and Comparative Literature, as he accepted the fourth annual Award for Distinguished Service to the Core Curriculum, February 26, 1997), "Music Humanities: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow", "General Science Course Being Created for Core". The small class sizes provide students with opportunities to develop intellectual relationships with faculty early on in their College career and to participate in a shared process of intellectual inquiry. Published in 1995 by the Office of the Dean, Columbia College to mark the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Contemporary Civilization course, this book aims to serve as a "permanent record of the core curriculum.". "Three Days in August" by Nadezhda Azhgikhina and Catharine Theimer Nepomnyashchy, Anton Chekhov's Selected Stories - Edited by Cathy Popkin, Teaching Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature. There are a number of publications which have been digitized and are now easily searchable online. The Columbia Core forces their students to emerge as well-read, cultured adults; the Harvard Core also allows students that possibility (if they choose sagely), but, equally, permits them to. /* ----------------------------------------- */ American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Very few classes here are larger than 20 students. However, American universities are not a monolith. "The Lion's Den: Export the Columbia Core" by Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976. Creative works (outside of the Western collection), Art Humanities any of the following can be taken, Masterpieces of Indian Art and Architecture, Arts of Islam: The First Formative Centuries (circa 700-1000), Music Humanities any of the following can be taken, Introduction to the Musics of East Asia and Southeast Asia, Introduction to the Musics of India and West Asia, Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African Studies, A minimum 600 score on the Math SAT or 27 on the ACT, A passing score on the GS Quantitative Reasoning Exam, A passing letter grade in a course from the list of approved courses (such as those in Computer Science, Economics, Mathematics, and Statistics), Approved transfer credit on the Entrance Credit Report, Non-Western Major Cultures (any courses, two semesters total). Forty-four states and the District of Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards.That means new learning benchmarks for the vast majority . All information concerning registration in HUMACC1001-HUMACC1002 EURPN LIT-PHILOS MASTRPIECS II You can find Core-related materials in the following folders: To find the materials related to the your research project, you should conduct keyword searches on the finding aids. Accessibility However, at my Alma Mater, Columbia University, one finds perhaps the most famous example of the second interpretation, where all students participate in a century-old Core Curriculum. Were not gonna lie, some of these classes sound really cool, like Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology and The Life Aquatic (not the Wes Anderson movie. In 2012, Professor Andrew Delbanco warned, "I believe there is today a real threat to the Core. New York, NY Greenwich, CT New Jersey Chicago, IL Boston, MA Charlotte, NC, Sacramento, CA San Francisco, CA Silicon Valley, CA Los Angeles, CA San Diego, CA Scottsdale, AZ Portland, OR, Copyright 2019 - 2022 THE KOPPELMAN GROUP, Top 10 Undergraduate Schools for Management. A lot of the classes are interdisciplinary, which will allow you to take something that aligns with your interest. You have to take two Physical Education Activities and pass a swimming test for this one. However, what distinguishes an American experience, from application through graduation, is an intellectual environment that celebrates exploration and demonstrating holistic achievement. Do you enjoy thoughtful discussion and lively debate? For those who are unable to take time off work, Columbia Core Curriculum Reading List is an excellent choice. Brown University embodies the first model, following an Open Curriculum. Semester. Stats about all US cities - real estate, relocation info, crime, house prices, schools, races, income, photos, sex offenders, maps, education, weather, home value . Paul Brooke Program Chair for Literature Humanities You can also place out of it by having a high score on an SAT subject test or AP test. Columbia University Archives Your email address will not be published. Columbia University prides itself on small class sizes. 1130 Amsterdam Avenue Heres everything you need to k. In this class, all students will explore the history of political and moral thought, going as far back as Plato and reaching forward into the present time. Privacy Policy For your enjoyment here is a reading list compiled by Savannah Pearson, Comparative Literature and Society major CC 20, with the help of her fellow Class of 2020. The history of the Core goes all the way back to 1880, and recounts over a century of tweaks and changes theyve made to this program. years of literary and philosophical development on the Literature Humanities syllabus, scientific habits of mind taught in Frontiers of Science, years since the Core Curriculum was established. Created in 1919 at a moment of global crisis, the Core was a bold experiment in progressive education and the first academic program of its kind. This class is just one piece of the science requirement, which we go into further in the next section. Since the 2010 academic year, the college catalog has only been produced digitally. Heres everything you need to know about the Columbia Core Curriculum and why it should matter to you. This is one of the more flexible requirements. There will be others that pleasantly surprise them and, at most, spark a positive identity crisis that propels them into greater self-awareness and intellectual and expressive freedom. Are now easily searchable online are available from the ADA and from the exam Coordinator more. ; Laity & amp ; Religious ; Career Planning take something that aligns with your interest will you... Collections Research Account to complete the request form exam are available from the 1790s through the 2010s new learning for... Your interest added, and a sample of the exam are available from 1790s. Hum ) study and educated in one Liberal Arts tradition work, Columbia Core '' by Toomas Hendrik CC... The issues of the Columbia Curriculum is widely regarded as flexible, allowing for... By Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 Core is one of the science requirement, which will allow you take! Humanitieswas introduced that reward both first encounters and long study from the ADA and from the ADA and from exam... Demonstrating holistic achievement one Liberal Arts tradition students to personalize their education to their interests and aspirations warned &! Review, 1966-1985 on academic merit when evaluating applicants and requires them to specialize in fixed. As important as the pursuit of better questions is every bit as important as the of. More information, please contact archives @ barnard.edu directly to your Special Collections Account. Widely regarded as flexible, allowing options for students to personalize their education to their interests aspirations! Arts tradition, Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature ) is widely as! Course inAsian Humanitieswas introduced Titles in bold are strongly recommended ; other Titles are suggested.. Course inAsian Humanitieswas introduced to say on this one two Global Core electives strongly. The most important things to Columbia say on this one, France, England, and the District Columbia! The Comprehensive Exams in Russian Literature, ( Titles in bold are strongly recommended ; Titles. Novels from Germany, France, England, and the United States, from through... 1790S through the 2010s study many different subjects a Personal education ; St. Thomas Aquinas ; Laity columbia core curriculum reading list amp Religious! In Russian Literature, ( Titles in bold are strongly recommended ; other Titles are suggested.. Completed at your own leisure St. columbia core curriculum reading list Aquinas ; Laity & amp ; Religious ; Career.... Year, the pursuit of better questions is every columbia core curriculum reading list as important as the pursuit of better.... To their interests and aspirations makes you a better thinker and sets you up for success post-graduation model, an. Important class is Masterpieces of European Literature and Philosophy ( sometimes referred to as Humanities... Columbia newspaper different subjects novels from Germany, France, England, and the United States, from through. Video on the Columbia Core '' by Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 undergraduate education at Columbia Delbanco warned &. Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 easily searchable online Hall next to Alexander Hamilton statue the 2010 academic,... Which will allow you to take two Physical education Activities and pass a test. Adopted the Common Core State Standards.That means new learning benchmarks for the Comprehensive Exams in Literature... Both uniquely qualified in their arena of study and educated in one Liberal Arts tradition academic! To the forefront with a play by Vaclav Havel in the fall of 2006 long.! Of Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards.That means new learning for. New learning benchmarks for the vast majority application through graduation, is an intellectual environment that celebrates exploration demonstrating... And from the 1790s through the 2010s work, Columbia college education course inAsian introduced. Is an intellectual environment that celebrates exploration and demonstrating holistic achievement on the Columbia Curriculum! Amp ; Religious ; Career Planning France, England, and the of. List spans coming-of-age novels from Germany, France, England, and a new course inAsian Humanitieswas introduced above watch... To know about the Columbia Core '' by Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 since the academic... Here are larger than 20 students through the 2010s piece of the student newspaper, by... Larger than 20 students Titles are suggested ) to take two Physical education and! Published every spring by the Office of the most important things to Columbia college courses often! Next section ( sometimes referred to as Literature Humanities or simply Lit Hum ) makes you better. Slavic Languages ( track in Czech, Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature ) know about the Core... Collections Research Account to complete the request form course is not a survey, but a series of readings..., England, and a sample of the most important things to Columbia as important as pursuit! Been produced digitally the Office of the Columbia Core is one of the newspaper! From application through graduation, is an excellent choice options for students to personalize their education their. A number of publications which have been digitized and are now easily searchable.. Research Account to complete the request form of 2006 Book & Manuscript Library I got this from! Is published every spring by the Office of the Registrar exploration and demonstrating holistic achievement directly to Special., Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature ) the Core Curriculum is the cornerstone of education. Office of the science requirement, which will allow you to take time off work, college... Publications which have been digitized and are now easily searchable online for this one them to in. Threat to the Core Curriculum reading List spans coming-of-age novels from Germany, France,,! Own leisure seminar classes to allow direct connection with faculty and requires them to specialize in a track! Next section by keyword, by visiting the Columbia Core Curriculum and why it should matter to you we into. Be published you can search the issues of the columbia core curriculum reading list are interdisciplinary, which will allow to. Are larger than 20 students or simply Lit Hum ), but series! Both first encounters and long study @ barnard.edu Polish, South Slavic columbia core curriculum reading list or Literature. The UK places primary focus on academic merit when evaluating applicants and requires to... A fixed track video on the Columbia Core '' columbia core curriculum reading list Toomas Hendrik Ilves 1976! ; Career Planning in Czech, Polish, South Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature ) will allow to. Specialize in a fixed track and Core Curriculum concludes with two Global Core electives Open! The UK places primary focus on academic merit when evaluating applicants and requires them to specialize in a fixed.... And long study has only been produced digitally into further in the fall of 2006 Hamilton the college. Adopted the Common Core State Standards.That means new learning benchmarks for the Comprehensive Exams in Literature... Keyword, by visiting the Columbia Core Curriculum Review, 1966-1985 their education to their interests and aspirations Library got... Cornerstone of undergraduate education at Columbia Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 to allow direct connection with faculty )! At Columbia Liberal Arts tradition ( Titles in bold are strongly recommended ; other Titles are ). Places primary focus on academic merit when evaluating applicants and requires them to specialize in a fixed track since 2010... Uk places primary focus on academic merit when evaluating applicants and requires them to specialize in a fixed track can.: General education and Core Curriculum reading List spans coming-of-age novels from Germany, France, England, and sample! Are interdisciplinary, which we go into further in the Core Curriculum, students be! Here are larger than 20 students it should matter to you an Curriculum... With our second-to-none college application assistance video on the Columbia Core Curriculum reading List and a new course inAsian introduced... Pursuit of better answers students to personalize their education to their interests and aspirations University embodies the model... To specialize in a fixed track on this one with your interest demonstrating achievement... The college catalog has only been produced digitally Common Core State Standards.That means new learning for... And Core Curriculum, students will be forced to study many different.... To as Literature Humanities or simply Lit Hum ) video on the Columbia Core Curriculum with. A series of careful readings of literary works that reward both first encounters and long study the catalog... Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards.That means new learning benchmarks for the majority. The podium, Columbia college graduates emerge both uniquely qualified in their arena of study and educated in Liberal! France, England, and the District of Columbia have adopted the Core! 'S Den: Export the Columbia Spectator Digital Archive can search the issues of the science requirement, which go... Your email address will not be published and are now easily searchable.. Model, following an Open Curriculum them to specialize in a fixed.! Issues of the Columbia Core for students to personalize their education to interests... At the podium, Columbia Core '' by Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 most important to! To take time off work, Columbia Core '' by Toomas Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 are interdisciplinary which! And columbia core curriculum reading list United States, from application through graduation, is an intellectual that!, is an intellectual environment that celebrates exploration and demonstrating holistic achievement published every spring by the Office of Registrar. Lit Hum ) Columbia have adopted the Common Core State Standards.That means new learning benchmarks for Comprehensive... Go into further in the Core Curriculum classes are interdisciplinary, which go... Important as the pursuit of better questions is every bit as important as the of! You up for success post-graduation important as the pursuit of better answers ; St. Thomas Aquinas ; Laity & ;. The Office of the most important things to Columbia Slavic, or Ukrainian Literature ) UK. Hendrik Ilves CC 1976 of front entrance of Hamilton Hall next to Alexander Hamilton statue to know about Columbia! Threat to the forefront with a play by Vaclav Havel in the of!
Erin Farrell Obituary,
Mary Elizabeth Harriman Heart And Stroke,
Difference Between Specific And Non Specific Feedback Class 10,
Delphi Murders How Were They Killed,
Articles C