Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as The Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000. By 1978, more than 300 men had joined the protest. Due to prison overcrowding, from December 1972 Long Kesh was also used for sentenced prisoners. 1 The first were internees. The incidences of cancer among republican prisoners involved in the revolt in Long Kesh have led many to believe that these illnesses and subsequent deaths can be linked to the British Army's use of CR gas . Control Building Plan. [37] Brennan, who had married a US citizen, was deported from the United States to the Republic of Ireland in August 2009. Firstly, I will provide a general history of the site and then compare and contrast the different experiences of two groups at Long Kesh/Maze. [8] In 1978, the British Government was found guilty and censured by the European Court of Human Rights for "cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment in the interrogation procedures". [14] At 4:12 pm the alarm was raised when an officer in the gatehouse pushed the prisoner holding him hostage out of the room and telephoned the ECR. [2] On 17 January 1972, seven internees escaped from the prison ship HMS Maidstone by swimming to freedom, resulting in their being dubbed the "Magnificent Seven". The tunnel led from H-Block 7 and was 80ft (24m) short of the perimeter wall. The Burning of Long Kesh Concentration Camp. One officer was stabbed with a craft knife, and another was knocked down by a blow to the back of the head. Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre and known colloquially as the Maze Prison, The Maze, the H Blocks or Long Kesh) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from mid-1971 to mid-2000.. [52], In March 1997 a 40-foot (12m) tunnel was discovered in H7 at the Maze Prison. Genuine Prison Made Leather Wallet/ Purse From prisoner in Long Kesh/Maze Dates from approx the 1980' s Some pen marks . Similarities between 1988-94 British broadcasting voice restrictions and Bernadette Devlin McAliskey. The Government's infrastructure organisation, the Strategic Investment Board (SIB), was tasked with taking forward the proposed stadium idea and appointed one of its senior advisers, Tony Whitehead, to manage the project. Not allowed their own clothes, they wrapped themselves in bedsheets. They organised themselves along military lines and exercised wide control over their respective H-Blocks. In January 2006, the government unveiled a masterplan[14] for the site incorporating many of these proposals, including a 45,000 seat national multi-sport stadium for football, rugby and Gaelic games. You had the watch towers, the barbed wire, you had Nissen huts as the accommodation. Her Majesty's Prison Maze (previously Long Kesh Detention Centre, and known colloquially as The Maze or H-Blocks) was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house alleged paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from mid-1971 to mid-2000. Officer James Ferris ran from the gatehouse towards the pedestrian gate attempting to raise the alarm, pursued by Dermot Finucane. Free association was permitted within each compound/ cage from 8am until lock-up at 9pm. HM Prison Maze (also known as Long Kesh) was a maximum security prison considered to be one of the most escape-proof prisons in Europe. Request PDF | Prison as a Liberated Zone: The Murals of Long Kesh, Northern Ireland | In Northern Ireland's Long Kesh prison in the late 1980s and 1990s, prisoners from each of the loyalist and . [24] Samus McElwaine was killed by the SAS in Roslea in April 1986,[25] and Gerry Kelly and Brendan McFarlane were returned to prison in December 1986 after being extradited from the Netherlands where they had been arrested in January 1986, leaving twelve escapees still on the run. IRA member Hugh Coney was shot dead by a sentry, 29 other prisoners were captured within a few yards of the prison and the remaining three were back in custody within 24 hours. There was plenty of heartache and plenty of craic in that section of the jail Prisoner. [22], Escapee Kieran Fleming drowned in the Bannagh River near Kesh in December 1984, while attempting to escape from an ambush by the Special Air Service (SAS) in which fellow IRA member Antoine Mac Giolla Bhrighde was killed. . So after a shower and stuff the compound would have come to life. On 9 January 1998, the British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, paid a surprise visit to the prison to talk to members of the Ulster Defence Association including Johnny Adair, Sam "Skelly" McCrory and Michael Stone. As soon as Kane was handed over to the security forces at the Northern Ireland border, verbal abuse, including anti-Catholic remarks, began. Two prisoners were recaptured, but the remaining seven managed to cross the border into the Republic of Ireland and appeared at a press conference in Dublin. And he fired the dinner at him. The existing research on the psychological impact of the Northern Ireland conflict for the prisoners shows that 70% of the ex-prisoners say that they experience poor or very poor emotional health. Long Kesh. [4], However, Special Category Status was short-lived. All naked to the waist, just wearing the prison, the trousers from the prison uniform. I still think it was probably one of the most extraordinary contexts that I ever said mass in, or that I ever sort of related to people in any sort of a pastoral way Prison Chaplain, The prison authorities referred to them as compounds but we as prisoners referred to them as cages Prisoner, Basically you were simply left to your own devices. Prisoner, You were unlocked in the morning at 8 oclock and locked up at night at 9 oclock and during the day you had free time to do whatever: walk, run, sing, listen, read, education Prisoner/ Internee. [13][17] Four more escapees were captured over the next two days, including Hugh Corey and Patrick McIntyre who were captured following a two-hour siege at an isolated farmhouse. What do these different terms tell us about the different perceptions of Long Kesh? [P] Thats what happened the first riot in Long Kesh, in cage 2. The compounds/ cages were segregated along political lines. So originally in 1971 all the internee prisoners people who werent convicted through the normal courts, people who were interned without trial something like 300 prisoners were actually moved down here into compounds 2, 3 and 4, I believe, at the time. Last week "Extreme" Republican Donal Billings was sentenced to 8 years imprisonment for a plot in which he intended to kill either the Queen or another member of the Royal family in 2011. search. Ten prisoners dressed in guards' uniforms and armed with guns and chisels dismounted from the lorry and entered the gatehouse, where they took the officers hostage. You had the very basics. PRONI Ref: RUC/12/39/1, I must say it was a happy, busy place, people all seemed to be enjoying what they were doing, it wasnt like slave labour Educator. [13] Prisoners had been planning the escape for several months. In January 2013, plans were approved by the Northern Ireland environment minister Alex Attwood for the site to be redeveloped as showgrounds as the result of an application by the Royal Ulster Agricultural Society with the objective of relocating Balmoral Show from its current location in Belfast. The hospital and part of the H-Blocks are currently listed buildings, and would remain as part of the proposed site redevelopment as a "conflict transformation centre" with support from republicans such as Martin McGuinness and opposition from unionists, who consider that this risks creating "a shrine to the IRA".[16]. On 27 October 1980, seven republican prisoners refused food and demanded political status. "[10] At 3:50 pm the prisoners left H7, and the driver and a prison orderly were taken back to the lorry, and the driver's foot tied to the clutch. Former Loyalist prisoner Ronnie-Flint-McCullough remembers meeting Billings for the first time 44 years ago in Long Kesh prison camp. [51][52] A guard was shot and wounded during the escape, and the prisoners were captured after being chased across fields by guards and the police. With close motorway and rail links, there were many proposals, including a museum, a multi-purpose sports stadium and an office, hotel and leisure village. The video guides below were created from footage recorded in the Maze and Long Kesh in 2007. [27], In November 1987 Paul Kane and one of the masterminds of the escape, Dermot Finucane[17]brother of assassinated solicitor Pat Finucanewere arrested in Granard, County Longford on extradition warrants issued by the British authorities. [53][54] He was not apprehended and was granted an amnesty in 2001. [1], Following the introduction of internment in 1971, Operation Demetrius was implemented by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and British Army with raids for 452 suspects on 9 August 1971. [10][11] On 10 June 1981, eight IRA members on remand, including Angelo Fusco, Paul Magee and Joe Doherty, escaped from Crumlin Road Jail. Piled them all against the gate. There was plenty of heartache and plenty of craic in that section of the jail Prisoner. Each H-Block also had its own individual control room. A place for discussions about Irish history. ***** List provided by: 'The Writing Cmpaign' 4110 Farmdale Road Philadelphia, PA 19154 USA tel (215-637-3728) . Following the introduction of internment in August 1971, Long Kesh a disused World War 2 airfield near Lisburn, south of Belfast was used as an internment camp. [31] In March 1990 the Supreme Court of Ireland in Dublin blocked the extradition of James Pius Clarke and Dermot Finucane on the grounds they "would be probable targets for ill-treatment by prison staff" if they were returned to prison in Northern Ireland. [51] The prisoners, in possession of two guns that had been smuggled into the prison, scaled the prison walls using knotted sheets. [10][17] The British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary immediately activated a contingency plan and by 4:25 pm a cordon of vehicle checkpoints was in place around the prison, and others were later in place in strategic positions across Northern Ireland, resulting in the recapture of one prisoner at 11:00 pm. fast_rewind . And from then til lunch generally would have been your own free time, and that would have been taken up with a number of different things, people done classes, people studied, done degrees and stuff like that., In the cages you had no contact with the prison warders. [14] At 4:05 pm the officers began to resist, and an officer pressed an alarm button. The entire site was encircled . People are encouraged to write and send cards to the prisoners. Loyalist Wing . [34][35] Smyth was extradited back to Northern Ireland in 1996 and returned to prison, before being released in 1998. Long Kesh was also used for sentenced republican and loyalist prisoners from 1972. Watch the clip of William. [15], Discussion is still ongoing as to the listed status of sections of the old prison. But the British government still resisted and on 5 May, after 66 days on hunger strike, Sands died. WILLIAM 'PLUM' SMITH'S BOOK, Inside Man: Loyalists of Long Kesh - The Untold Story, gives a personal account of his imprisonment as a young man from the Shankill Road. This area contained the Staff Club, the Governors lounge and accommodation, staff lockers and staff car park. [18], In April 2020, the former prison was reportedly under consideration for conversion into a temporary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.[19]. A red brick, multi-storey building within the prison complex. Using the clip of Seanna and your contextual knowledge, would you agree that the organisation and segregation within Long Kesh actually strengthened the individual political groupings? About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Originally, each wing had its own yard, with an air lock between adjacent yards. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. HM Prison Maze (also known as Long Kesh) was a maximum security prison considered to be one of the most escape-proof prisons in Europe, and held prisoners convicted of taking part in armed paramilitary campaigns during the Troubles. 3 13. On 17 November 1971, nine prisoners, dubbed the "Crumlin Kangaroos", escaped from Crumlin Road Jail when rope ladders were thrown over the wall. Republican and loyalist prisoners were housed according to group. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. He was taken to court and convicted then returned to the jail as a common prisoner and incarcerated in the H-Blocks as an ordinary prisoner, all within the space of several hours. They crashed into another car near the gate and abandoned the car. [35] In 2000 the British government withdrew extradition requests for Brennan, Artt and Kirby. PRONI ref: INF/7/A/8/19, Youd never stop the men going to their football match. In the biggest prison . The collection contains interviews on the educational journeys of Loyalist and Republican ex-prisoners, Open University staff who tutored in the prisons or were involved in administration of study from the Belfast Office, prison education staff and Open University students who worked in the prisons. As part of a new British policy of "criminalisation", and coinciding with the end of internment, the new Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Merlyn Rees, ended Special Category Status from 1 March 1976. At Long Kesh, a set of eight new prison blocks (known as the H-Blocks due to their shape) were constructed to hold the prisoners who had been convicted after 1 March 1976. Adams, Sean St. James 14rs Agnew, Kieran Ahoghill 10yrs . Official aerial photograph of RAF Long Kesh airfield, 28 July 1942. [14] The escape was the biggest in British history, and the biggest in Europe since World War II. Archive of Steve Jensen Design www.stevejensen.design, It wasnt menial work, it was something that you learned a trade at Prisoner, Youd have walked up here and come up, by the football pitches, and up into the VTC Prisoner. Author:Smith, William. [10][14], The escape was a propaganda coup and morale boost for the IRA, with Irish republicans dubbing it the "Great Escape". Shortly after Mowlam's visit, they changed their minds, allowing their representatives to continue talks that would lead to the Good Friday Agreement of 10 April 1998. Her Majesty's Prison at the Maze was opened in 1976 and the prison's H-Blocks were to become the centre of protest against the . The central point of the H-Block, it was actually an oblong space. A selection of clips from the archive exploring the theme from different perspectives. At this time two prison officers blocked the exit with their cars, forcing the prisoners to abandon the lorry and make their way to the outer fence which was 25 yards away. The hospital contained both individual cells and small wards. The prisoner was taken away to solitary confinement, and rumours spread across the wing that the prisoner had been badly beaten. Another nine hunger strikers (members of both the IRA and the INLA) died by the end of August before the hunger strike was called off in October. In December, the prisoners called off the hunger strike when the government appeared to concede to their demands. The prison wasnt built along the old lines, the Victorian lines, like the Crumlin Road. The official inquiry into the escape placed most of the blame onto prison staff, who in turn blamed the escape on political interference in the running of the prison. Football pitch, 1981. Following the introduction of internment in August 1971, Long Kesh - a disused WWII airfield near Lisburn, south of Belfast - was used as an internment camp. After several attempts the prisoners had opened the main gate, and were waiting for the prisoners still in the gatehouse to rejoin them in the lorry. . [P] They burnt the canteen hut, it was burned to the ground. In fact, despite the opening of the H-Blocks in 1976, they remained in use until 1988, with people who had been sentenced before 1976 finishing their sentence in the cages/ compounds and anyone sentenced after March 1976 going into the H-Blocks. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 49.99 + 5.99 Postage. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. [53] Averill mingled with a group of prisoners' families attending a Christmas party, and escaped on the coach taking the families out of the prison. [2] Those behind Operation Demetrius were accused of bungling, by arresting many of the wrong people and using out-of-date information. The British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher made a statement in Ottawa during a visit to Canada, saying "It is the gravest [breakout] in our present history, and there must be a very deep inquiry". [40][41] Dermot McNally, who had been living in the Republic of Ireland and was tracked down in 1996,[35] and Dermot Finucane, received an amnesty in January 2002, allowing them to return to Northern Ireland if they wished to. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Not only were republicans and loyalists held in separate compounds/ cages, but so were the various organisations, including the UVF, UDA, Official IRA and Provisional IRA. The terminology of the circle comes from Victorian prison design. IRA volunteers regarded themselves as prisoners of war with a duty to escape. GiollaUidir / Wikipedia / (CC BY-SA 2.5) When Northern Ireland's Prime Minister Brian Faulkner commenced internment, known as Operation Demetrius, on August 9, 1971, he said the goal was stemming the violence "preventing any kind of normal life" in . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In December 1997, IRA prisoner Liam Averill escaped dressed as a woman during a Christmas party for prisoners' children. Each H-Block was identified by a number e.g. But the gate opened the other way. Jailed Loyalists and Republicans were freed from prison today, as the final wave of prisoner releases got underway in Northern Ireland. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. [1] During the Troubles, Irish republican prisoners had escaped from custody en masse on several occasions. Posters in Dublin pointing out the fact that Irish fascist groups like the National Party, Irish Freedom Party and Ireland First are . One of the men was arrested in November 1973, aged 17, and brought to . Documentation of an attempted escape from a compound within Maze and Long Kesh Prison, 5 May 1976. A monitoring group was set up on 14 January 2003 to debate the future of the 360-acre (1.5km2) site. In total, 22 compounds/ cages were constructed in Long Kesh. The H-Blocks, eight in total, first opened in 1976. Ex-prisoners from the Maze are subject to increased scrutiny by the security forces. VINTAGE IRISH ULSTER LEATHER PRISON BOOK ENDS LONG KESH MAZE LOYALIST SHIPS FLAG. Three prison staff are being treated in hospital after rioting prisoners set fire to the Long Kesh Maze prison near Belfast. Lyrics & Chords of Long Kesh Prison Blues by Loyalist, 15 times played by 2 listeners - get pdf, listen similar. The Flames of Long Kesh, 15-16 October, 1974: And . 120.00 There was very little contact between the Loyalists and ourselves. It held prisoners suspected of taking part in armed paramilitary campaigns during the Troubles, with separate wings for loyalists and for republicans. Long Kesh, a concentration camp set up on a disused RAF airbase, initially set up to contain the huge number of nationalists and republicans lifted off the streets of the North of Ireland during internment in 1971. . Poster depicting the 1983 escape. A minibus would pull up, the bride in her full regalia, her bridesmaids, would step out the back of a minibus, come in and come up and have a wedding in here. Prison Chaplain, Once a week youd maybe get out to the gym Prisoner, You could have played basketball, 5 a sides, volleyball, stuff like that Prisoner, Youd never stop the men going to their football match. Used for exercise and outdoor recreation by the prisoners. William Smith was the first loyalist prisoner to be sent to Long Kesh, the precursor to the H-blocks of the Maze. On 29 September 2000, the remaining four prisoners at the Maze were transferred to other prisons in Northern Ireland and the Maze Prison was closed. Wright resumed his UVF activities around 1986 and became commander of its Mid-Ulster Brigade . This chapter examines Long Kesh/Maze prison within the context of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, with particular emphasis on its impact on society. 7. Ulster Unionist Party UUP Harry West Political Poster Irish British Original. Introduction This paper marks an attempt to explore how identity was, and is, negotiated by two opposed groups at the shared site of Long Kesh/Maze prison, Northern Ireland. Area for washing, showering and disposal of overnight waste. This article seeks to examine these murals as both a symbol and a means whereby the politically motivated prisoners sought to appropriate the . In total, 22 compounds/ cages were constructed in Long Kesh. And the noise was just absolutely incredible Prisoner, the Maze was actually pioneering the development of control rooms Prison Officer. Ferris had already been stabbed three times in the chest, and before he could raise the alarm he collapsed. Dependent on the prisons population, each cell accommodated either one or two prisoners. As Northern Ireland's Troubles intensified, its prison population increased exponentially, with as many as 15,000 loyalists incarcerated for politically motivated crimes. Bobby Storey and Gerry Kelly had started working as orderlies in H7, which allowed them to identify weaknesses in the security systems, and six handguns had been smuggled into the prison. [14] A rearguard was left behind to watch over hostages and keep the alarm from being raised until they believed the escapees were clear of the prison, when they returned to their cells. A large windowless building which contained a basketball court and weightlifting equipment. The guards ordered attack dogs upon the republican prisoners as they were moved to other cell blocks. It held prisoners suspected of taking part in armed paramilitary campaigns during the Troubles, with separate wings for loyalists and for republicans. A multi-storey building, containing the emergency control room and various offices. The Maze Prison governor, John Baxter, acknowledged that many of the guards who are at the Maze now have been there since the 1983 escape. The prison closed in September 2000 after 428 prisoners had been released under the Good Friday Agreement. In the middle-class suburbs of south Dublin, the political atmosphere that is transforming the North finds an unlikely convert in law student Kieran Conway. star star star . [44], The captured prisoners were mistreated by prison officers upon return. In October 2019, the European Union withdrew 18m that had been approved to develop a peace centre, due to disagreements between Sinn Fin and the Democratic Unionist Party. This map was used by the prison staff for an overview of the entire site. 02. Location: Ireland . The site is situated outside of Lisburn, off the M1 motorway, on the brownfield Maze/Long Kesh, former prison and air base for the RAF. The prison was closed in 2000 and demolition began on 30 October 2006, but on 18 April 2013 it was announced by the Northern Ireland Executive that the remaining buildings would be redeveloped into a peace centre. 42 Indeed, 24% of the republican and 17% of the loyalist ex-prisoners reported symptoms of serious psychological trauma, such as depression . Irish Republican Long Kesh Prisoner's Relic Box Political memorabilia. You had the OC of the cage, then you had his staff, then you had the OC of every hut, you know. One prison officer died of a heart attack during the escape and twenty others were injured, including two who were shot with guns that had been smuggled into the prison. Give two reasons. Although there were some variations across the compounds/ cages, they generally consisted of four Nissen huts which were designed to accommodate 80 men, with half of one hut serving as a dining/ recreational area. H-Block 2 (or H2). [17] The site is now known as Balmoral Park. These cookies do not store any personal information. And then they followed in and they battered everybody stupid, boy. [14][19] The report also placed blame with the designers of the prison, the Northern Ireland Office and successive prison governors who had failed to improve security. The prison officers referred to the compounds of Long Kesh whilst prisoners referred to cages. Explain your answer, using the clip and your contextual knowledge. Words were exchanged between Malachy and the screw while he was on a visit. Chapel Plan. [13] Out of the remaining 19 escapees, 18 ended up in the republican stronghold of South Armagh where two members of the IRA's South Armagh Brigade were in charge of transporting them to safehouses,[21] and given the option of either returning to active service in the IRA's armed campaign or a job and new identity in the United States. [2][3] On 31 October 1973, three leading IRA members, including former Chief of Staff Seamus Twomey, escaped from Mountjoy Prison in Dublin when a hijacked helicopter landed in the exercise yard of the prison. You couldnt escape it you see. Following the introduction of internment in August 1971, Long Kesh a disused WW2 airfield near Lisburn, south of Belfast was used as an internment camp. The former terrorist was jailed for 10 years and was the first loyalist prisoner to arrive in Long Kesh RAF base near Lisburn. 8. In the biggest prison escape in UK history, 38 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) prisoners escaped from H-Block 7 (H7) of the prison. PRONI ref: INF/7/A/8/16, H-Block classroom, 1981. Explain your answer, using the clip and your contextual knowledge. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. fast_forward. Activists from the 32 County Sovereignty Movement stand on O'Connell Bridge, holding black flags and pictures of the hunger strikers who died during the 1981 . In March 1978, some prisoners refused to leave their cells to shower or use the lavatory because they were being beaten when they did, and were provided with wash-hand basins in their cells. [ 17 ] the site is now known as Balmoral park then followed... Dressed as a long kesh loyalist prisoner list during a Christmas Party for prisoners ' children custody en on! From December 1972 Long Kesh RAF base near Lisburn an air lock between adjacent yards, with emphasis! 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