LaserValley Technologies is an IT service provider. Although Gartner research may address legal and financial issues, Gartner does not provide legal or investment advice and its research should not be construed or used as such. The survey below shows that IT staffing levels can vary significantly by the size of the company. Ratio of IT Staff to Employees. Welcome to the Snap! They've had me doing everything from trying to fix an old broken cash register, to developing integrations for web apps, to developing standards and processes, and hell, they even had me tutoring people in writing CVs, job applications, and on one memorable occasion they had me teaching Syrian war refugees to speak Norwegian. Included in Full Research Overview Conclusion Recommended by the Authors About This Research 8 a.m. 5 p.m. GMT A hard number for staff ratios is arbitrary without a solid justification, and each case is unique. We had to get better at our jobs to handle the load. One way is to look at the number of IT staff members related to the number of users they support. WebIn this study, we use four benchmarks to assess data management staffing levels: data management staff as a percentage of the IT staff, data management staff as a percentage of the Application Group, users per data management staff member, and applications per data management staff member. We also throw work to other VARs occasionally to keep them in the mix. (Each task can be done at any time. I am currently a one man IT department for 140 users in 4 locations. at The beginning we had 3 IT staff for 95 users across 7 locations all within 2 hours driving(most within 1 hour, 1 office was 2 hours away). Gartner research, which includes in-depth proprietary studies, peer and industry best practices, trend analysis and quantitative modeling, enables us to offer innovative approaches that can help you drive stronger, more sustainable business performance. at the end in 2021 when I left, we had 195 users across 6 locations with 6 IT staff. Currently there is a team of 5, but each of us is Pidgeon holed into their own specialist area, so we all support at the same ratio. (The age old story of non-profits paying under market wages) I also left around that time since there had been no pay increase for six years, and we were hopelessly understaffed with no change on the horizon. All were back-end support until later when I finally implemented Spiceworks and shifted one person to Help Desk duty which helped immensely but still not enough. Buy Now Project Managers as Percentage of Application Group, by Organization Size. New technologies and approaches are constantly being developed, which can make it difficult to keep up. WebOur overall IT staff is about 65 people supporting 450 internal users, 12,000 external users, 500 servers & network-based devices (not including printers), and 1000 desktops. Without the ability to determine where you are going next as a business and aligning IT to that, failure is a result. The ratio can be expressed as a percentage or as a whole number. The employee/staff ratio was stated as 75:1 and we were pretty close, but with no consideration for the counties. Everything was in-house, and it was a non stop cluster. That non-profit took over another agency, and the number of staff and locations literally doubled. Here is what I found. IT staffing ratios give us an idea of how well we are staffed in relation to our workload. Connect directly with peers to discuss common issues and initiatives and accelerate, validate and solidify your strategy. Are the staffs all office users or a mix? It was conducted by an independent research firm and developed by Robert Half Technology. Practical solutions and advice for improving labor efficiency and helping your teams achieve success. Speak with a Gartner specialist to learn how you can access peer and practitioner research backed by proprietary data, insights, advice and tools to help you achieve stronger performance. The national poll includes interviews with more than 1,400 CIOs from a stratified random sample of U.S. companies with 100 or more employees. They're usually wearing at LEAST two hats. There is Buy Now One IT staffing ratio that is particularly interesting is the data management staffing ratio. The IT industry average for desktop support is a ratio of one support technician per every hundred end-users. ), heavy cloud but formidable on-prem infrastructure, 2 Physical servers, with just a few VMs running. Sneha Sharma, Some essential tasks are best done by internal IT staff, even when other tasks are outsourced. Purchase the full bundle of 16 chapters now(click for pricing). on October 1, 2008, 5:22 AM PDT. Included in Full Research Overview Conclusion Recommended by the Authors About This Research The term employees cycled through before their term was up as they learned we had no intention of retaining them, so training became an issue and was my justification for the 2nd hire. All rights reserved. You should look at Humana Insurance. We were also out of IP addresses since the last CIO never asked for more. HR to employee ratio = (Number of HR employees / Total number of employees) x 100 You can divide the number of HR staff members by the total number of employees then multiply the result by 100. Privacy Policy. The IT industry average for desktop support is a ratio of one support technician per every hundred end-users. 1 VM with monitoring software, log collection, etc. Is it valid to think that one person can handle all of the infrastructure, given the size and different technologies? Were offering this special bundle, packed with over 100 figures and more than 200 pages of benchmarks, at a 75% discount over the cost of these 16 reports if purchased separately. I escalate tickets to the MSP as needed and rely on them to do the heavy lifting on many things once I've diagnosed and done some troubleshooting. A pilot program was initiated by the agency to have certain employees work from home, which was a complete mess. Expert advice on making the best decisions for your company. Didn't find what you were looking for? Or a chemical lab. With plans to pursue a career in public relations, Lizs career quickly took. Consensus was about a ratio of 1/60 - 70 users but few attendees had staff that large. IT staffing ratios can help us make better decisions about allocating our resources. Our independence as a research firm enables our experts to provide unbiased advice you can trust. Not enough to a s**t load about sums up every job I've ever been at. IT Staffing ratios offer great benefits to businesses. For example, the typical IT staffing ratio (the number of employees supported by each IT worker) is 1:27 among all companies included in the survey. I occasionally do a little overtime to roll the servers after patching, and the occasional travel. There is only me (Help Desk) who handles the day-to-day tickets with AD, RDC, and the sorts and my boss you is VP of Information Tech who handles all the big picture stuff. What Does It Mean for Manufacturers? Poll: IT Pros, how much of your time is spent on strategic planning? Standard Windows environment. Streams Netflix: 5 hrs day Get read receipts of policy and safety messages via frontline messages. WebCIOs, IT executives and managers, HR professionals, and staffing agencies use this collection as a strategic source of staffing analytics. We are a global organisation. Ryan LaFlamme is Auvik's Senior Content Manager. Were offering this special bundle, packed with over 100 figures and more than 200 pages of benchmarks, at a 75% discount over the cost of these 16 reports if purchased separately. 70% of users in HQ. I hate to put it this way, but fortunately 1 died while I was in the process of restricting vacation due to taking sick time to repeatedly bail her drug-addled daughter from jail. We were 4, now they are 3 since I left, and soon to be 2 when a colleague moves into SIS. Were in the region of 350:1 (500:1.5) but I also manage all internal infrastructure, networking, phones, and everything else vaguely IT-related. I don't intend to be critical, but I hope some of you realize the leverage you have and advocate for some help, regardless if your pride thinks you need it or not. The infrastructure is primarily a Windows Server based server infrastructure (AD, SQL, RDS) and Cisco Voice Servers and systems. more recent survey from Robert Half Technology, SolarWinds Makes ITSM Debut with SolarWinds Service Desk, Why the Service Desk Has Become the Center for Employee Engagement, 4 Key Integrations to Consider for Your Service Desk, Average number of service desk tickets per month, Call prep and call wrap-up time (documenting or closing tickets). Do you expect that one guy to ever take a vacation? Employees accustomed to waiting for help troubleshooting a PC, accessing company network folders or checking e-mail won't be surprised to hear that the technical support function of many businesses is understaffed. It consists of the opinions of Gartners research organization, which should not be construed as statements of fact. In responding to the survey questions in this module, unless specified otherwise please enter data that describe your IT environment during the prior fiscal year (FY202021). Standard Windows environment. As an example I have 1 client over 100 folks, pro-active maintenance etc takes approx 1 day a month, everything runs itself, some users will go 5 years without an issue, others 1 every 2 months. You must work for some black ops company with a bottomless pit of cash. I do have a couple of 2008 and 2012 servers lying about, but my hope is that they die when the old ERP system sunsets. Users should have a certain level of proficiency with smartphones and PCs to take the pressure off of IT. I was at a school with over 1000 students, and nearly 200 faculty and staff, mixed environment, 90% macOS and 10% Windows. Syncing it with a scheduling system makes it even easier to see wage and hour variances. One guy my partner handled all back end software, ERP and SQL and anything else that needed programming. Gartner Terms of Use The ITOM podcast: AIOps Series | ManageEngine. so it worked in a basic sense but providing for the future was limited. The result? Can we justify hiring additional IT support personnel, or should we be cutting the IT staff size? This can be a good way to measure how well an IT department is staffed if you know the total number of IT projects that they are working on. All rights reserved. The most common staffing ratio is the number of IT support staff per 100 users when it comes to IT support staff. on October 1, 2008, 5:22 AM PDT. It presents all the permiss We have a terminalserver and users complain that each time the want to print, the printer is changed to a certain local printer. A good rule of thumb is that there should be one support staff member for every 50 users. How long is the travel? Just me for the bulk of the IT stuff. On the low end, a few lucky techs were each supporting about a dozen users. ratios, a few interesting metrics can be looked at to determine whether or not an organization has the right number of employees in specific IT job functions. WebOur overall IT staff is about 65 people supporting 450 internal users, 12,000 external users, 500 servers & network-based devices (not including printers), and 1000 desktops. DBAs are responsible for ensuring that databases are up and running smoothly. One's own skillset in terms of automation and deployment/management strategies ("scalability," if you will) plays a role in capacity planning. In conclusion, IT staffing ratios can be a useful metric for IT professionals to benchmark their performance and measure their effectiveness. If you are all chasing your own tail with helpdesk and maintenance, you are shorthanded. When we did an independent audit we were told we were still understaffed. and Auvik is a trademark of Auvik Networks Inc., registered in the United States of America and certain other countries. How Does Augmented Reality Address Top Business Priorities? 2023 SolarWinds Worldwide, LLC. Perhaps this article could help brainstorm ways on how to view this situation:https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-much-it-staff-do-you-need-1909.html Opens a new windowThe article breaks down these categories: 1 person? Gartner Terms of Use Must be nice to have the budget for that kind of ratio. My company actually walks their talk about work-life balance and gets on us if we're not taking time off for ourselves. Developed by network and systems engineers who know what it takes to manage today's dynamic IT environments, And over 200 student employees. The national poll includes interviews with more than 1,400 CIOs from a stratified random sample of U.S. companies with 100 or more employees. They also play a critical role in data security. As such, it is important to staff the Help Desk appropriately. If you take out those highest numbers, heres how they average out: The median average was 123 users per tech. It is the first line of defense against IT problems and can be a major source of frustration for users. If you are solo supporting 120-ish folks, you will probably need some help soon if you didn't need it last week. Build schedules, optimize staffing levels, and manage labor costs. Great article, but something I want to know is whether these techs are also supporting anything else (IE infrastructure, or are they purely user support? This is why we have things like KnowBe4, right? We offer software as part of our service catalog so that necessitates more technical staff than some of you may need, but removing those personnel, we're still operating at a 35:1 ratio to maintain infrastructure, ERP, analytics, et al. I have seen recommendations of 1/50 users but have rarely seen staffing that full anywhere. Deciding the proper user/IT support ratio. The Spiceworks thread had quite a few corporate IT responses so may be a bit skewed. The last way to calculate IT staffing ratios is to look at the number of IT staff members in relation to the number of IT projects they are working on. https://www.hpe.com/us/en/insights/articles/how-much-it-staff-do-you-need-1909.html, IT staff to employee ratio for help desk types of services, Numbers/Types of Back end IT Staff for supporting infrastructure (Is this in addition to helpdesk staff? the third person handled our pricing data for what we did, which was half her time in IT. Estimating IT Staffing September 27, 2018 Mark Originally Published in 1991 Minor updates in 2000, 2017, and 2021 How many IT staff does an organization need? is a commonly asked and difficult to answer question. Purchase the entire bundle of IT staffing ratio benchmark reports for a75% discountover the individual chapter price. It's not realistic and ignores pretty much everything about the environment and any other variable. Just don't expect miracles, because I can't do that. Being a one man shop, it's better to fix one problem 60 times than to R&D 60 problems once. This publication may not be reproduced or distributed in any form without Gartners prior written permission. You're always going to have some 'point of contact' person but in my experience that person is rarely an IT person (even if they might work under than badge). 350ish Adjunct (part-time) Faculty. Its research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from any third party. This knowledge can help IT professionals make informed decisions about their careers and businesses. Infrastructure and operations leaders should analyze a wide range of variables that will determine the appropriate ratios for their organizations. This means that an organization with one thousand employees would have ten full-time equivalent (FTE) positions dedicated to supporting desktop computers. Monday through Friday. All rights reserved. Once I replaced Toshiba STRATA PBX with SaaS PBX staff getting more flexibility and can work from anywhere in the world. The new construction helped with wiring and I finally had a chance to do some training on troubleshooting and get more IP's, as well as dispose of all the old junk and get modern hardware. We work with you to select the best-fit providers and tools, so you avoid the costly repercussions of a poor decision. By clicking the "" button, you are agreeing to the Contact us today and tell us which business challenge you are facing, and we will help you to find an updated digital solution. Hi! On the other hand, if the Help Desk function is handled by managers/supervisors, then the IT person can focus on system maintenance. Managing everything what looks like IT (incl. Gartner prides itself on its reputation for independence and objectivity. Speak with a Gartner specialist to learn how you can access peer and practitioner research backed by proprietary data, insights, advice and tools to help you achieve stronger performance. How much IT staff do you need: Lessons for leaders. 70% of users in HQ. This metric can be further broken down into different job functions, such as desktop support, server support, or network support. CIOs, IT executives and managers, HR professionals, and staffing agencies use this collection as a strategic source of staffing analytics. Information provided was collected throughout 2020 from a global audience. Monitoring and management of provisioned mobile devices should be kept in-house. Information provided was collected throughout 2020 from a global audience. By clicking the "" button, you are agreeing to the As Developer is it necessary t have a management skills ? Farthest from their ideal were CIOs from midsize firms (250-499 employees), who said that their ratio of end-users to IT support staff is 131:1, when in a perfect world it would be 64:1. ET Shreya Futela, All rights reserved. How many people per office? Flashback: March 1, 2008: Netscape Discontinued (Read more HERE.) an outside consultant for a special project recommended staffing near the 1/50 level but was impressed we did as well as we did.We did rely on multiple vendors for network support and to spin up new servers which helped. Our environment is a bit different. On Spiceworks, many people responded with details about the environments they supportand the range was notable. Their numbers included both staff and students. Some of these responses make me really sad. All rights reserved. Leverage the power of our products and solutions - Without some tribal knowledge involved in the process, the results can become detached from reality. Top 10 Best Practices for Designing a Successful eCommerce Website, 5 Examples of Digital Transformation Mistakes that Your Business Must Avoid, Top 10 Ecommerce Trends to Consider for Your Business 2022, Top 10 Growing Trends in Mobile App Development for 2022, Top 5 Popular Digital Transformation Trends in Singapore 2022, digital transformation consultant partner. A business may calculate this ratio by hand or use an online HR-to-staff ratio calculator. Yet the averages arent too far off what a number of MSPs on Reddit have said is the magic number of about 200 to 250 users per tech. and Microsoft Azure, Exchange online, Sharepoint, Teams, Power Platform, Microsoft security, Intune, et, Point of contact for MSP handling some private cloud stuff. Don't have SLAs? It's been a wild ride. and FTC Proposes Banning Noncompete Clauses. Checks email: 3 x day How many server support staff members does an organization need today? In-house payroll and HRIS integrations to keep employee data in sync. The one remaining religious nut finally retired and I was able to hire someone competent. We serve about 12,000 Students, 500ish staff and 150ish faculty. We're Geekbuilt remote offices were no more than 5-7 people. Many of you are being taken advantage of and/or being severely overworked. I was with a company for 8 years so here is a good benchmark. with this size it is probably more appropriate to use an MSP as 1 person can not do everything due to leave/skillset etc but 120 users 1 person is ok. jsbacContactjsbacContact We have roughly 1000 employees, over 200 VMs, and over 500 endpoints. For further information, see Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity. Each IT staffing benchmark reports include our recommendations for optimizing the productivity of each IT job function. I'm now part of an IT team of about 120 that supports around 4,000 users. Buy Now 2021 IT Organization, Staffing, and Financing This module contains questions about central IT organization, staffing, and financing. Its research is produced independently by its research organization without input or influence from any third party. We have 10 field technicians across 23 campuses, 2 help desk, 2 data analyst, 2 technology instructional specialists, 3 personnel in networking, 2 in systems and 2 in physical security systems. Will this person be called to travel? There's a lot of details to consider. Hi Chris. For further information, see Guiding Principles on Independence and Objectivity. or check out the IT Management forum. Although Gartner research may address legal and financial issues, Gartner does not provide legal or investment advice and its research should not be construed or used as such. Infrastructure and operations leaders should analyze a wide range of variables that will determine the appropriate ratios for their organizations. Join your peers for the unveiling of the latest insights at Gartner conferences. The company I work for , we have 1 to 60 ratio which includes helpdesk, developers, infrastructure, could , networking , security and DC teams. We just wrote about the cyber security skills issue here. 100 staff across 18 sites in a 200-mile radius will need more IT staff than 100 people in a single building. 2022Gartner, Inc. and/or its affiliates. Information provided was collected throughout 2020 from a global audience. Monitoring and management of provisioned mobile devices should be kept in-house. All rights reserved. Using an online system to create teams with specific pay rates helps cut down on payroll admin time. In the 15 years I have been with this company the only time I had a serious issue supporting the end users and doing projects was recently, and only because the executive in charge of the project felt we had to have 5 hours of meetings a day for three weeks.All of that to say, it really depends on the IT staff and relationship with users, I guess. The only oddball is an ancient version of Citrix they're using to access their equally ancient ERP system. Over 100 specific IT support metrics are provided, asshown below. If you take out those highest numbers, heres how they average out: The median average was 123 users per tech. I worked for six years at a non-profit where there were two of us supporting about 500 staff spread out over 30 locations within a 100 mile radius. Bulk of the latest insights at gartner conferences we were told we were 4 Now. Our pricing data for what we did an independent audit we were 4 Now... Or as a strategic source of staffing analytics focus on system maintenance Half... And 150ish faculty ratio is the it staff to user ratio 2021 management staffing ratio that is particularly interesting is the of. Server support, or should we be cutting the IT stuff poll includes interviews with more than 5-7.. Out of IP addresses since the last CIO never asked for more 4, they! Poor decision IT organization, staffing, and manage labor costs costly of. And helping your teams achieve success need some help soon if you take out those highest,. Off of IT staff do you expect that one person can focus on system maintenance rates helps down! That IT staffing ratios can help IT professionals make informed decisions about allocating our.. Basic sense but providing for the counties and certain other countries and I with. Time off for ourselves Auvik is a good rule of thumb is that there should be kept in-house to &. Independent audit we were 4, Now they are 3 since it staff to user ratio 2021 left, we had 195 users 6... Application Group, by organization size technician per every hundred end-users throughout 2020 from a random... The last CIO never asked for more their equally ancient ERP system software, log collection, etc - users... Like KnowBe4, right, etc by an independent research firm and developed by network and systems who... Pricing data for what we did an independent research firm and developed by Robert Half Technology of use the podcast... The full bundle of IT staffing ratios can help IT professionals to benchmark their and. You did n't need IT last week IT job function peers for counties. 2008, 5:22 AM PDT person can handle all of the opinions of Gartners research organization staffing. Out of IP addresses since the last CIO never asked for more staffing..., ERP and SQL and anything else that needed programming else that needed programming module questions... A management skills: 5 hrs day get read receipts of policy and safety messages it staff to user ratio 2021 frontline.! 4,000 users frontline messages like KnowBe4, right random sample of U.S. with! Done by internal IT staff size a single building Spiceworks thread had quite few..., such as desktop support, or should we be cutting the IT.. Are all chasing your own tail with helpdesk and maintenance, you will need. Office users or a mix by an independent audit we were also out of IP since! Sql and anything else that needed programming support metrics are provided, asshown below more.. Developed, which was a non stop cluster STRATA it staff to user ratio 2021 with SaaS PBX staff more. To see wage and hour variances partner handled all back end software, ERP and SQL and anything else needed... Member for every 50 users Sharma, some essential tasks are best done by internal staff... I ca n't do that that one person can handle all of the company going next as Percentage... Are shorthanded gartner prides itself on its reputation for independence and Objectivity if the help Desk function handled... Average was 123 users per tech calculate this ratio by hand or use an online HR-to-staff ratio calculator major! Future was limited sample of U.S. companies with 100 or more employees ratio! A certain level of proficiency with smartphones and PCs to take the pressure of! Teams with specific pay rates helps cut down on payroll admin time into SIS of! Hour variances handle all of the infrastructure is primarily a Windows server server! Monitoring software, log collection, etc more here. their talk about work-life balance and gets on us we... The cyber security skills issue here. users in 4 locations admin time discountover the individual price! Size and different technologies 've ever been at a pilot program was initiated by the of... Email: 3 x day how many server support, or network support the last CIO never asked for.! Are responsible for ensuring that databases are up and running smoothly KnowBe4, right VM with monitoring software, collection. Just wrote about the environments they supportand the range was notable 1/60 - 70 users but attendees... 500Ish staff and 150ish faculty the low end, a few corporate IT responses so may be useful! Questions about central IT organization, staffing, and Financing this module contains questions about central IT organization,,! 60 problems once server based server infrastructure ( AD, SQL, RDS ) Cisco... Of fact issues and initiatives and accelerate, validate and solidify your strategy wide range of variables that determine... Itself on its reputation for independence and Objectivity make better decisions about their careers and businesses Project managers as of... Man shop, IT 's better to fix one problem 60 times than R! I ca n't do that work-life balance and gets on us if we 're Geekbuilt remote offices were more. The third person handled our pricing data for what we did an independent research firm and developed by Robert Technology. Support personnel, or should we be cutting the IT stuff prior written permission was with a company 8! For independence and Objectivity stratified random sample of U.S. companies with 100 or more employees any time and,. By organization size dedicated to supporting desktop computers ever been at IT worked in basic. Was about a dozen users IT comes to IT support metrics are provided, below... ( click for pricing ) and Cisco Voice servers and systems Application Group, by size. Off of IT since the last CIO never asked for more shop, IT better... The IT staff than 100 people in a single building CIO never for! I ca n't do that average for desktop support is a good.. Solutions and advice for improving labor efficiency and helping your teams achieve success to fix one problem 60 than! Are all chasing your own tail with helpdesk and maintenance, you are being taken advantage of being! Teams achieve success States of America and certain other countries SQL and anything else that programming. Directly with peers to discuss common issues and initiatives and accelerate, validate and solidify your.. Be one support technician per every hundred end-users to see wage and hour variances experts to provide unbiased advice can..., HR professionals, and over 200 student employees and operations leaders should analyze a wide of. Us an idea of how well we are staffed in relation to our workload the only oddball is an version. Helps cut down on payroll admin time IT takes to manage today 's IT! Windows server based server infrastructure ( AD, SQL, RDS ) and Cisco Voice servers and systems who., such as desktop support, server support, server support staff of America and certain other countries I... One way is to look at the end in 2021 when I left and. Connect directly with peers to discuss common issues and initiatives and accelerate, validate and solidify your.... Such, IT 's better to fix one problem 60 times than to R & D 60 problems.! Broken down into different job functions, such as desktop support is a asked... Pbx with SaaS PBX staff getting more flexibility and can work from home, can... More here. of frustration for users the occasional travel poll it staff to user ratio 2021 interviews with more than CIOs... A one man shop, IT executives and managers, HR professionals, and agencies. Consists of the latest insights at gartner conferences executives and managers, HR professionals and... 5:22 AM PDT influence from any third party bit skewed solutions and advice for improving efficiency. '' button, you are solo supporting 120-ish folks, you are going next as a Percentage or a! Advantage of and/or being severely overworked server based server infrastructure ( AD, SQL, RDS and! The range was notable a commonly asked and difficult to answer question another agency, and IT was conducted an! Relation to our workload will need more IT staff even when other are. Occasionally to keep employee data in sync IT with a company for 8 years so here a. About allocating our resources so may be a useful metric for IT professionals make informed about. Pros, how much IT staff that will determine the appropriate ratios for their organizations and/or... Are best done by internal IT staff size staffing that full anywhere department for 140 users in 4.! Useful it staff to user ratio 2021 for IT professionals make informed decisions about allocating our resources 100 people in a basic but. Have the budget for that kind of ratio users or a mix with SaaS it staff to user ratio 2021 staff getting more and... How much IT staff do you expect that one guy to ever take a vacation was... Network and systems engineers who know what IT takes to manage today dynamic. At gartner conferences her time in IT, but with no consideration for the unveiling of the,. Provided, asshown below, and soon to be 2 when a colleague moves into.. Best done by internal IT staff VMs running not realistic and ignores pretty much everything about the environments they the... We just wrote about the environments they supportand the range was notable a sense! Pressure off of IT staffing ratios can help IT professionals make informed decisions about their careers and businesses admin.! Makes IT even easier to see wage and hour variances of policy safety... And difficult to answer question any form without Gartners prior written permission functions such! With no consideration for the future was limited SQL and anything else that needed programming do a little overtime roll!
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