After 15 years of fighting, there was still no end in sight to the Second Punic War. You can obtain Hamilcar Barca from the tavern. As Carthage no longer had the resources for a large army, he could not face the enemy in an all-out battle, but he did manage to capture Eryx in 244 BCE, which became his new base. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [117], In eight years, Hamilcar had secured an extensive territory in Hispania by force of arms and diplomacy, but his premature death in battle (228 BC) denied Carthage a complete conquest. The name Hamilcar (Punic-Phoenician mlqrt, "brother of Melqart") was a common name for Carthaginian men. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. 'Hamilcar', from the Punic hml-qrt, means follower or servant of Melqart, the Phoenician/Punic god whilst 'Barca' is thought to derive from the Punic word barqa, meaning lightning, and was used in reference to Hamilcar's guerrilla tactics used in the First Punic War. Hercte west of Panormus. Hamilcar seized the town of Eryx, captured by the Romans in 249 BC, after destroying the Roman garrison, and positioned his army between the Roman forces stationed at the summit and their camp at the base of the mountain. The cavalry and light infantry were in the middle, while the heavy infantry was posted furthest from the rebel army.[61]. The wily commander told them he was merely securing wealth for Carthage so that they could meet their reparation obligations to Rome. When this was done in an ancient-history classroom at the University of Pennsylvania, Prof. William C. McDermott responded: "Yes, Hannibal was as black as King David." The great Carthaginian was. Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. Hamilcar Barca "Carthaginian general, led forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War. Amazons Who Were the Ancient Female Warriors? [6] The Romans rebuilt their fleet after losing 364 ships in a storm in 255 BC, added 220 new ships, and captured Panormus (modern Palermo) in 254 BC;[7] however, 150 ships were lost in another storm in 253 BC. Prior to his departure from Carthage, Hamilcar made sacrifices to obtain favorable omens and Hannibal swore never to be a "Friend of Rome" and "Never to show goodwill to the Romans". Hanno and Hamilcar unleashed reprisals against the Numidian tribes that had sided with the rebels,[70] and the generals probably extended Carthaginian territory in Africa at the same time. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The rebels mutilated prisoners, and Hamilcar had his captives trampled on by elephants. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. America's Black dilemma Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Hamilcar Barca gathered the Carthaginian soldiers from Drepana and Eryx at Lilybaeum, surrendered his command,[48] returned to Carthage and retired to private life, leaving Gisco and the Carthaginian government to pay off his soldiers. When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. Neither side would seek to recruit soldiers, levy tribute or build public buildings on the other power's territories. Whatever the case, Hamilcar enjoyed uninterrupted command in Iberia during his stay there. Corrections? [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. After the trapped rebels ran out of food, pack animals and cavalry horses and finally resorted to cannibalism, Spendius, Autaritus and Zarzas, accompanied by seven others, went to Hamilcar's camp to seek terms. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. Hamilcar counted them one after another with the tip of his finger; then he hid his face in a saffron-coloured veil, and, falling on his knees, stretched himself on the ground with both arms extended. They had long since had control of the old Phoenician colonies there, and it had already proven a rich source of silver. Early life The Iberian army fled before the battle was joined. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. Hamilcar refused and slaughtered all of them except for the commanders. Shop paperbacks, eBooks, and more! Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 av. This coin is the best representation of Hannibal. She apparently was from Lisbon. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. Cartwright, M. (2016, June 01). His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. Meanwhile, Mathos had defeated a Carthaginian army, and he dealt the same treatment to the captured Carthaginian general. Commercial Artist, Barber, Sign Language Interpreter, Blind Mobility Aide. 270 a.C. - 228 a.C.) foi um estadista e general cartagins responsvel pela conquista da Hispnia por Cartago. Monolito Amilcar Elche Sierra.jpg 640 480; 43 KB. When he was replaced by Hannibal in 221 BCE, the Carthaginians broke the territorial agreement with Rome of 226 BCE not to cross the River Ebro and attacked Rome's ally Saguntum (Sagunto). Nothing is known of Hamilcar before he was given command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily in 247 during the First Punic War. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. [1], The cognomen or epithet BRQ () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. i. p. 391; Auson. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Education. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. After the defeat of the Carthaginian fleet in that year by Gaius Lutatius Catulus, the Carthaginians made a treaty with the Romans that ended the war. Hamilcar broke off the second siege of Carthage by Mathos and headed inland where a rebel army awaited him. The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. The exact location of this valley has never been conclusively identified. As this was in line with the goal of the "Peace Party" of Hanno the Great, probably no serious opposition was offered. Hamilcar first raided the Italian coast at Bruttium in 247 BCE, perhaps in search of booty to pay his mercenaries, and then landed on Sicily at Heircte near Panormus (Palermo). Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. World History Encyclopedia. Hamilcar Barca was blamed by the Carthaginian Leaders for causing the Mercenary War by making unrealistic promises to his soldiers, especially the Celts, during his command in Sicily. [53] Hanno posted his army near Hippo Acra, where Matho's army was besieging the town. He replaced Carthalo, who had not been altogether unsuccessful, as the commander of the Carthaginian fleet. He employed combined arms tactics, like Alexander and Pyrrhus,[20] and his strategy was similar to the one employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus in the Second Punic War, ironically against Hannibal, the eldest son of Hamilcar Barca, in Italy during 217 BC. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. This turned out to further restrict his freedom of movement, but the Carthaginian commander continued to coordinate attacks on the Italian mainland, perhaps as north as Cumae. After Carthage's defeat by . Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. The answer was Spain. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The rebel army was starved of supplies and eventually sought to surrender. In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Hamilcar Barca (d. 229/8 B.C.) Coin minted at Carthagena C.230 BC, showing the bearded head of Melqart, generally regarded as a portrait of Hamilcar Barca. Omissions? Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. No. He was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 B.C., when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. It was probably some distance from Carthage because, while Hamilcar blockaded the valley exits and waited for the rebels to starve, Matho's army at Tunis did not intervene although the trapped rebels held out awaiting his arrival. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. ( 2016, June 01 ) wily commander told them he was given of! 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