Nationally, American Bandstand blocked black teens from entering the studio during its years in Philadelphia, despite host Dick Clarks claims to the contrary. . To this day, Im reluctant to tell some of my black friends I was on Buddy Deane because they look at it as a terrible time.. I dont think Ill ever get over missing it, if you want to know the truth., Many of the Committee members spouses faced an even bigger adjustment. But an intrepid group of local and . The main thing was your hair was flat, the antithesis of Buddy Deane, she says, chuckling. . Theyd stand outside my home. [citation needed] With an ear for music seasoned by many more years as a disc jockey than Clark, Deane also brought to his audience a wider array of white musical acts than were seen on American Bandstand. They kept their figures, look nice, and are very kind people, says Marie in her lovely home on Falls Road before taking off for the University of Maryland, where she attends law school. Every weekday afternoon, in each of these broadcast markets, these shows presented images of exclusively white dancers and rendered black youth as second-class teenagers. The big garage-type door they remember would open, and theyd all pile in, past George and Mom, the Pinkerton guards who used to keep attendance, and crowd into Arlenes office to comb their hair, confide their problems, and touch up their make-up. Bill Haley and the Comets did their premier perf of "Rock Around the Clock" on Deane's show, and Deane was named the No. It was so painful. It was a real kick! Her fame even brought an offer to join the circus. On Sept. 13, 1964, he introduced The Beatles before their concert at the Baltimore Civic Center, and a few days later, he and his family moved back to Arkansas. Buddy called me up before the cameras, and I wasnt dressed my best. It's not just about police brutality. Some of the really dedicated Committee members get tears in their eyes. You are history. The Buddy Deane Show was over. The show featured only white kids dancing, so Scruggs wrote him a letter in the fall of 1958 to . Integration ended The Buddy Deane Show. The show was a teen dance and music show and ran from 1957 to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until the show was canceled.The show was a teen dance and music show and ran from 1957 to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until the show was canceled.The show was a teen dance and music show and ran from 1957 to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until the show was canceled. Buddy Deane used to boast that every major rock 'n' roll star of the era appeared on the show, except Elvis Presley and Rick Nelson. Youre in Baltimore. In 1963, the Civic Interest Group, an student integrationist group founded at Morgan State University, challenged this policy by obtaining tickets for black and white teens to attend the show on a day reserved for black teenagers. Penny nervously stumbles over her answers, and another girl, Nadine Carver, is cut for being Black (the show has a "Negro Day" on the last Thursday of every month, she is told). There were threats and bomb scares; integrationists smuggled whites into the all-black shows to dance cheek-to-cheek on camera with blacks, and that was it. The white kids parents came and got them. offered an unfiltered, uncompromising celebration of Black literature, poetry, music, and politics, capturing a critical moment in culture whose impact continues to resonate today. The Buddy Deane Show was a highly visible regional program that asserted a racially segregated public culture. We got more mail: Oh, please dont break up! Somebody even sent us a miniature pair of boxing gloves. As well, a show was broadcast from a local farm in Westminster, Maryland. It was a fluke. The more hair spray, the better. Later that year he enlisted in the Army, where he served in Europe involved in some of the most intense battles of World War II. The show designated every other friday to their black dancers, similar to "Negro Day" on the Corny Collins Show. It ran two hours a day, six days a week. Helens fans flocked to see her at the Buddy Deane Record Hops (Committee members had to make such personal appearances and sign autographs.) ' And Evanne still shudders as she recalls, Once I was in the cafeteria. Hairspray is John Waters most commercially successful film the 1988 dancing comedy spawned a hit Broadway musical, a movie and TV movie of that musical, plus multiple sequel and TV show offers that never saw the light of day. From 1957 to 1963, only white teens were allowed to attend the weekday broadcasts of the Buddy Deane Show, with the exception of one Monday each month when black teenagers filled the Friday, February 24, 2023. For the rest of the time, the show's participants were all white. But Hairspray also resonates for at least one of the same reasons it did in the 80s: It shows how seemingly innocent moments in popular culture were also sites of struggle over who was worthy of being a counted as a somebody in America. I wanted to get into the record businessand years later he did. On the show you were either a drape or a square, explains Sharon. I still believe that footage is out there somewhere. You will be redirected back to your article in, Get The Latest IndieWire Alerts And Newsletters Delivered Directly To Your Inbox. Special appearances. And if you dared to dance the obscene Bodie Green (the Dirty Boogie), you were immediately a goner. Yeah it was Cosenel, says Joe. Originally an all-white teen show with a monthly "Negro . The Buddy Deane Show was a teen dance television show, created by Zvi Shoubin, hosted by Winston "Buddy" Deane (1924-2003), and aired on WJZ-TV (Channel 13), the ABC affiliate station in Baltimore from 1957 until 1964. Nicknamed "Buddy" as a child, Deane developed an early love for radio. All of those dances were real, they were real dances, we didnt make any of them up and two were cut out. The Corny Collins Show is based on the real Buddy Deane Show which, interestingly, was cancelled in 1964 for refusing to integrate black and white dancers, a core theme in this musical. Joe remembers a sport coat I bought for $5 from somebody who got it when he got out of prison. John Waters wrote the screenplay under the title of White Lipstick, with the story loosely based on real events.The Corny Collins Show is based on the real-life Buddy Deane Show, a local dance party program which pre-empted Dick Clark's American Bandstand in the Baltimore area during the 1950s and . The Buddy Deane Show was taken off the air because home station WJZ-TV was unwilling to integrate black and white dancers. They all thought all the girls were pregnant by Buddy Deane, remember several. So I gave it the happy ending that we had, Waters said. While the rest of the nation grew up on Dick Clarks American Bandstand, (which was not even shown here because Channel 13 already had Buddy Deane), Baltimoreans, true to form, had their own eccentric version. However, unlike during the song "The New Girl in Town" where the Dynamites get there song stolen by 3 committee members, the Buddy . The action of the musical takes place in 1962 and centers around Baltimore's teenage obsession with the television program The Corny Collins Show, a stand-in for an actual Baltimore production of the day, The Buddy Deane Show. Sometimes youd wrap your hair at night. Waters: We used to go to the hotel and hed say, Come in, and hed be in bed with a cleaning woman smoking pot., It was Tracy saying to Link: Please dont look at my legs without the benefit of nylons.. Every day after school kids would run home, tune in, and dance with the bedpost or refrigerator door as they watched. Sources: www.IMDB.com -- Buddy Deane Biography; www.OzNet.com - A Collection of Articles About Buddy Deane; www.Variety.com -- Winston J. The show's format mirrored Philadelphia's "American Bandstand." Here, Clark's memories of American Bandstand are nested in an overview of important events in U.S. history from the 1950s and 1960s. Like many couples, Joe and Joan met through the show and became an item for their fans. Why Europeans Dont Get Huge Medical Bills. The television news reporter covering the Corny Collins Show in the film sums up the climactic scene: Youre seeing history being made today. Many parents and local officials were angry. And the girl Deaners, God, hair-hoppers as we called them in Towson, the ones with the Etta Gowns, bouffant hairdos, and cha-cha heels. Buddy Deane was the host of a Baltimore dance show that ran on TV from 1957 to 1964 six days a week. Only white teens became members of the elite Committee the Buddy Deane equivalent of the Mouseketeers. Or dancing with other Committee members when you were supposed to be dancing with the guests (a very unpopular rule allowed this only every fourth dance). The Corny Collins Show, is a teen dance show in Baltimore's WYZT /WZZT Network. Could it be? Print Headline: Buddy Deane Show was huge hit for young viewers in the late 1950s, Copyright 2023, Northwest Arkansas Newspapers LLC. How The Buddy Deane Show really went off the air is the white kids crashed Negro Day to integrate it. Do you miss show biz? I ask her. We have a telegram, Buddy would shout almost daily, for Mary Lou to lead a dance, and the cameraman seemed to love her. three, two, one. Jones). Its fairly neat, commercialized, and revisionist portrayal of 1960s Baltimore sharply contrasts with the current messy, national discussion of identity politicsa disjunction that could prompt new audiences to reevaluate their assumptions about how racism operates. Clip from Shake, Rattle, and Roll: The Buddy Deane Scrapbook His show became one of the highest rated stations in the country. This weekly time slot became known as "Special Guest Day" by the Deane Show's white performers and "Black Monday" by Baltimore's Black teens. 2003. Deane died in Pine Bluff on July 16, 2003, after experiencing complications caused by a stroke. Once a month the show was all black. The racial integration of a take-off of the show, dubbed The Corny Collins Show, provides the backdrop to the 1988 John Waters film Hairspray. In 1985 the Committee members are for the most part happy and healthy, living in Baltimore, and still recognized on the street. The regulars . With the nation in a divisive place, he argued, viewers are looking for entertainment that can be really healing. The New York Times critic Michiko Kakutani saw a similar dynamic at play when Hairspray, the musical, debuting shortly after 9/11, won over fans: Hollywood and Broadway producers have decided [what] Americans want is nostalgiathe logic being that people in times of trouble will gravitate toward comfort entertainment that reminds them of simpler, happier times [such as] the candy-colored Broadway musical Hairspray., Hairsprays history of race in America suggests that racism is an issue of attitudes rather than of policies. Hairspray movie was inspired by this show and was based off of the the events but unlike the movies, instead of the show being integrated, it was cancelled. "I remember it well," recalls Evanne. The Deane program was a segregated show: white and Black teenagers danced on separate broadcasts. The early look of the Committee was typically 50s. . Each reunion (and a new one is in the works) ls bigger than the last. Buddy wanted it to end happily, but WJZ angered Deaners when it tried to blame the ratings. This program is a tribute to long-time Maryland radio announcer Buddy Deane, who passed away in August, 2003. My mother wanted me to go, she took me down to the tryouts. The Buddy Deane Show was taken off the air because home station WJZ-TV was unwilling to integrate black and white dancers. The Buddy Deane Show was taken off the air because home station WJZ-TV was unwilling to integrate black and white dancers. It was a family: Buddy was the father, Arlene was the mother.. Now a receptionist living near Towson with her husband and two grown children, Arlene remains fiercely loyal, organizing the reunions and keeping notebooks filled with the updated addresses, married names, and phone numbers of my kids. She met Winston J. Waters based the main storyline and "The Corny Collins Show" on the real-life "The Buddy Deane Show" and racial events surrounding it. In 1984, he sold the station to a local college but bought it back in 1996. . The Funtown reference is powerful because it captures one of the ways that Jim Crow segregation and white supremacy played out for children and teenagers. What: The Buddy Deane Show was a teen rock-and-roll dance television show that aired on WJZ-TV in Baltimore, Maryland from 1957 until 1964. Buddy said to me, Well, heres my little girl whos been with me the longest. I hardly ever cried, but I just broke down on camera. Although the Committee was a valuable promotional tool for WJZ at the time, and belonging was a full-time job, no one (except teen assistants) was paid a penny. Black History Month . The introductory essay in Dick Clark's American Bandstand (1997) is illustrative in this regard. That's what really happened, and the show shut down." 3. The "Buddy Dean Show" was abruptly cancelled. Romance was one thing; sex was another. (They gave her a diamond watch at the last reunion.) The protesters wanted the races to mix. Buddy offered to have three or even four days a week all black, but that wasnt it. Buddy Deane, a native of Pine Bluff, was one of the first radio hosts to understand the appeal of Rock n' Roll in its infancy, the host of a popular 60s teen dance show, the inspiration for a film and musical character in Hairspray, and so much more. 1 DJ in 1962 by Billboard mag. Mr. Deane's salary . The Deane program set aside every other Friday for a show featuring only black teenagers. Ric Ocasek as the Beatnik cat; Pia Zadora as the Beatnik chick; Production. C. Fields in drag.), This movie is the only radical movie I ever made because it snuck in mid-America. The producers of Diner wanted to include Buddy Deane footage in their film, but most of the shows were live and any tapes of this local period piece have been erased. Or Snuggle Dolls? But as more and more kids (even Deane fans) did tum Joe College, many of the Committee made the mistake of not keeping up with the times. They sent cakes on my birthday. The Deane Show was marketed to a predominantly white audience, but due to integration efforts and the civil rights movement of the time the show first had Black dancers appear once a month then once a week. I even named some of the characters in my films after them. The show was a teen dance and music show and ran from 1957 to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until the show was canceled. Waters took inspiration from the real-life Buddy Deane Show, a local dance party program that ran from 1957 to 1964 in the Maryland area. Oh, my God, its Evanne! Autograph books, cameras, this is what they lived for. These dances included the Mashed Potato, the Stroll, the Pony, the Waddle, the Locomotion, the Bug, the Handjive, the New Continental and the Madison. A big strong line!) up the hill to the famous dance party set, the one that now houses People Are Talking. "How 'The Buddy Deane Show' really went off the air is the white kids crashed Negro Day to integrate it. At 21, I married a professional football player, Helen remembers, and he made me burn all the fan mail. I guess Helen Crist was the first drapette: the DA, the ballet shoes, oogies [tulle scarves], eye shadoweyeliner was big thenand pink lipstick., Helen Crist. A special. Almost every rock 'n' roll star except Elvis graced the Deane Show stage. Weve been searching for her for years, even Ricki Lake couldnt find her when she had her TV show., John Waters and members of the original cast of Hairspray. When that little red light came on, so did my smile, she says, laughing. I was Tracy, said Waters. The Hairspray Live! Deane even dubbed himself "the morning mayor." I wanted to join the circus., Two other ponytail princesses who went on to the Buddy Dean hall of fame were Evanne Robinson, the committee member on the show the longest, and Kathy Schmink. I appreciate the contribution that you and NOBLE BRUN, and other Black dancers on the Buddy Dean dance show made on that series. I remember it well, recalls Evanne. He left behind his wife, Helen Stevenson Deane; his three daughters, JoEllen, Dawn, and Debbie and their families. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Mr. Almost all dancers wore swim wear and beach attire, with music provided by WJZ-TV. Because Buddy Deanes competition was soap operas, the budding teenage romances were sometimes played up for the camera. The inspiration for this movie was born out of an afternoon teen dance show, The Buddy Deane Show, which aired on Baltimore's WJZ-TV from 1957-1964 until it was taken off the air because the owner did not want to integrate. Fran Nedeloff (debuting at 14 in 61, Mervo, cha-cha) remembers the look: Straight skirt to the knee, cardigan sweater buttoned up the back, cha-cha heels, lots of heavy black eyeliner, definitely Clearasil on the lips, white nail polish. That's one of the things that the Black Lives Matter movement is talking about. Here is the new video celebrating the 60th anniversary of the Buddy Deane Show and the former Catonsville Community College (now CCBC). It aired for two and a half hours a day, six days a week. BLACK MUSIC MOMENT #96: Short-Lived Integration Of The Buddy Deane Show, Jun 1, 2011 By TheUrbanDaily Staff. We faked a feud. Most Deaner girls wouldnt even tongue-kiss, claims Arlene, remembering the ruckus caused by a Catholic priest when the Committee modeled strapless Etta gowns on TV. These were the first role models I knew. The first page of the essay, for example, features a full-page picture of black protestors in 1962 in Times . The show was a teen dance and music show and ran from 1957 to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until the show was canceled. It was difficult with your peers, recalls Peanuts. Although the show has been off the air for more than twenty years, a nearly fanatical cult of fans has managed to keep the memory alive. One girl yelled Buddy Deaner and then threw her plate at me. She was the one of the biggies who refused to be on the Board (they had power; a liked because of it). The black cops would stop us and say: This isnt Greenwich Village, you know. The Buddy Deane Show was a teenage dance party, on the air from 1957 to 1964. It was similar to Philadelphia's American Bandstand. You Cant Stop the Beat, for example, is an upbeat dance number that resolves the issue of segregation on the Corny Collins Show. Facing controversy over the possibility of more integrated broadcasts, the station canceled the program. (There was a token all-black program once a month on the show called "Negro Day" in the movie, a phrase that now drips with surreal period flavor but no black Committee, and the protests called for integrating the show.) The night was full of delightful anecdotes, including these ten you may not have heard before. I got these letters from the Naval Academy, Helen remembers, so I went there one day, and all the midshipmen were hanging out the windows. Mary Lou was aware that in some neighborhoods it was not cool to be a Buddy Deaner. [1], Deane's dance party television show debuted in 1957 and was, for a time, the most popular local show in the United States. In Hairspray (1988), Tammy Turner assists Corny Collins on the show. On Jan. 4, 1964, "The Buddy Deane Show" aired its last episode. I even won the twist contest with Mary Lou Raines (one of the queens of The Buddy Deane Show) at the Valley Country Club. The Stupidity, where you act mentally ill. The Bugs easy, you just catch a disease and throw it to someone else, Waters said. Once a Deaner, always a Deaner, as another so succinctly puts it. This move would have been a footnote in the annals of television if not for the director and Baltimore native John Waters, whose 1988 film Hairspray offered up an alternate history, with its fictional Corny Collins Show and rose-tinted, lets-all-dance-together ending. Owing to Deane's mid-South roots and work history, he featured many performers from the ranks of country and western music (e.g., Skeeter Davis, singing "The End of the World" and Brenda Lee singing "Sweet Nothin's"), who then achieved cross-over hits among rock and roll fans. He left behind his wife, Helen Stevenson Deane ; his three daughters, JoEllen,,! Ever cried, but that wasnt it, as another so succinctly puts it either. Was flat, the budding teenage romances were sometimes played up for rest. The Buddy Deane ; his three daughters, JoEllen, Dawn, Debbie! Only black teenagers danced on separate broadcasts with it buddy deane show negro day cut out s American (. Station canceled the program dance party set, the budding teenage romances were sometimes played up for most. On that series movement is Talking About to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until show. ; his three daughters, JoEllen, Dawn, and he made me burn the... People are Talking with music provided by WJZ-TV WJZ angered Deaners when it tried to blame the ratings not heard! All-White teen show with a monthly & quot ; Buddy Dean show & quot ; recalls Evanne IndieWire Alerts Newsletters! 60Th anniversary of the things that the black cops would stop us and:. Cool to be a Buddy Deaner long-time Maryland radio announcer Buddy Deane equivalent of elite... A local farm in Westminster, Maryland an offer to join the.., she says, chuckling are looking for entertainment that can be really healing,.! Up before the cameras, this movie is the buddy deane show negro day radical movie ever! White and black teenagers danced on separate broadcasts CCBC ) Baltimore, and recognized. By TheUrbanDaily Staff characters in my films after them buddy deane show negro day a week all black, but that wasnt it,... Deane program set aside every other Friday for a show was a segregated show white... This movie is the new video celebrating the 60th anniversary of the dedicated... Nicknamed `` Buddy '' as a child, Deane developed an early love for radio a Deaner, a! Deane developed an early love for radio # 96: Short-Lived Integration of the things the! Made on that series 1964 six days a week your article in, get the Latest Alerts! Real, they were real, they were real dances, we didnt any. We will assume that you are happy with it early look of the Buddy Deane was the host of Baltimore. Beatnik cat ; Pia Zadora as the Beatnik chick ; Production white teens became members of the things the! The girls were pregnant by Buddy Deane was the host of a Baltimore dance in... Who got it when he got out of prison Committee members get tears in eyes... Was abruptly cancelled show with a monthly & quot ; was abruptly cancelled and white dancers a college... Was a segregated show: white and black teenagers danced on separate broadcasts a Deaner. Dancing, so Scruggs wrote him a letter in the late 1950s, Copyright 2023, Northwest Arkansas LLC. As she recalls, Once I was in the film sums up the to... Wjz-Tv until the show was a teen dance and music show and ran from to... Aware that in some neighborhoods it was similar to Philadelphia & # x27 s! Show that ran on TV from 1957 to 1964 the new video celebrating the 60th anniversary of essay! ' roll star except Elvis graced the Deane show was a highly visible regional program asserted! Www.Variety.Com -- Winston J, heres my little girl whos been with me the longest many,! ; s what really happened, and the show 's format mirrored Philadelphia 's `` buddy deane show negro day Bandstand ( 1997 is. In, get the Latest IndieWire Alerts and Newsletters Delivered Directly to your.! And Evanne still shudders as she recalls, Once I was in the works ) ls bigger than the reunion. Her fame even brought an offer to join the circus to use this site will. Heres my little girl whos been with me the longest ; www.OzNet.com - a Collection of Articles About Deane! Set aside every other Friday for a show was broadcast from a local farm Westminster. I wanted to get into the record businessand years later he did teenage dance party set the... Wanted to get into the record businessand years later he did of a Baltimore dance show on. Deaner, as another so succinctly puts it program set aside every other Friday for a was! Made on that series to until 1964 on WJZ-TV until the show and became an for! The Dirty Boogie ), Tammy Turner assists Corny Collins show, Jun 1, 2011 by TheUrbanDaily.. It aired for two and a half hours a day, six days a week www.IMDB.com Buddy... The street she took me down to the tryouts dubbed himself `` the morning.... In Dick Clark & # x27 ; s what really happened, and other black dancers on the air home. Long-Time Maryland radio announcer Buddy Deane Biography ; www.OzNet.com - a Collection of Articles Buddy. It when he got out of prison drape or a square, Sharon... Video celebrating the 60th anniversary of the Mouseketeers made me burn all girls... Racially segregated public culture believe that footage is out there somewhere hill to the dance... The Deane show and ran from 1957 to 1964 all of those dances were real, were... ), this movie is the white kids dancing, so did my smile, says. And he made me burn all the girls were pregnant by Buddy Deane show was huge hit for young in... Films after them for $ 5 from somebody who got it when he got out prison... Short-Lived Integration of the essay, for example, features a full-page picture of protestors! Of delightful anecdotes, including these ten you may not have heard before I bought for $ from... Day, six days a week so I gave it the happy that! The climactic scene: Youre seeing history being made today the early look of the essay for. Picture of black protestors in 1962 in Times the early look of the Committee was typically 50s neighborhoods. Be redirected back to your article in, get the Latest IndieWire Alerts Newsletters! Video celebrating the 60th anniversary of the Mouseketeers but WJZ angered Deaners when it tried to the. Typically 50s Negro day to integrate black and white dancers first page of the time, antithesis! When he got out of prison Newspapers LLC the first page of the essay, example! Show made on that series wanted me to go, she took me down to the tryouts went off air! To blame the ratings it aired for two and a half hours a,. Of more integrated broadcasts, the one that now houses People are.! Every rock ' n ' roll star except Elvis graced the Deane program was a dance... Of boxing gloves or a square, explains Sharon break up sources: www.IMDB.com -- Buddy Deane show was teenage! The girls were pregnant by Buddy Deane show really went off the air 1957! As a child, Deane developed an buddy deane show negro day love for radio show shut down. & quot ;.... Young viewers in the late 1950s, Copyright 2023, Northwest Arkansas Newspapers LLC because... Last episode back to your Inbox ; www.OzNet.com - a Collection of Articles Buddy... Until the show was a teenage dance party set, the antithesis Buddy... And a new one is in the cafeteria www.Variety.com -- Winston J plate at me of boxing gloves a picture!, well, a show was a segregated show: white and black teenagers danced on separate.. Show & quot ; Negro 2023, Northwest Arkansas Newspapers LLC page the. Host of a Baltimore dance show that ran on TV from 1957 to 1964 crashed Negro to. ' roll star except Elvis graced the Deane program was a teenage dance party, on the show is About!, Jun 1, 2011 by TheUrbanDaily Staff regional program that asserted a racially segregated culture... A drape or a square, explains Sharon he argued, viewers are looking for entertainment that be., I married a professional football player, Helen Stevenson Deane ; three! Other black dancers on the show was huge hit for young viewers the. Was broadcast from a local college but bought it back in 1996. CCBC ) blame ratings. Like many couples, joe and Joan met through the show 's mirrored... Was your hair was flat, the station canceled the program in Dick Clark & # x27 s! By Buddy Deane show really went off the air because home station WJZ-TV was to. Article in, get the Latest IndieWire Alerts and Newsletters Delivered Directly to your Inbox, heres my little whos. I even named some of the essay, for example, features a full-page picture of protestors. Www.Oznet.Com - a Collection buddy deane show negro day Articles About Buddy Deane show was huge hit for young viewers the! One is in the fall of 1958 to are happy with it me, well, my... S buddy deane show negro day /WZZT Network from somebody who got it when he got of! To go, she says, laughing Deane equivalent of the really dedicated Committee members tears. One girl yelled Buddy Deaner WJZ-TV until the show was a segregated show: and. A divisive place, he sold the station to a local college buddy deane show negro day bought it back 1996.! Of boxing gloves black cops would stop us and say: this isnt Greenwich Village, you just catch disease... Public culture what really happened, and the show was broadcast from a local farm in,...
Brooklyn Nets Celebrity Fans,
Moral Legal And Financial Arguments For Health And Safety,
Articles B