When companies use anything other than straight-forward clear language to describe the terms of an offer, they're not dealing honestly in the marketplace. When they first launched their marketing campaign, they stated that opioid addiction concerns were "overblown" and their new opiate-based medication was "much safer than other alternatives". It's simply rounding out rough edges. Janitors are custodians. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. Its declension is defective, in the sense that it lacks a reflexive form. In most cases, the meaning of one word is clearly implied in another (for example, isnt a summary by nature brief? 24:38 Issues involving the use of social media at public companies which William has seen cause specific regulatory problems include the inadvertent, selective disclosure of earnings information via a social media and employees publicly bashing their employers on social media not small gripes but serious charges against the employer. The first statement is inflated language. ", "To the ordinary guy, all this is a bunch of. Gobbledygook is inflated, jargon-cluttered prose that fails to communicate clearly. Also, it can work both ways. Sophia Boyd and Ed McNulty produced and edited the audio version of this story. Another issue with inflated language is that it can be perceived as insincere or dishonest. Phrasal Verbs. Everything is a great success or a work in progress. Inflated language, also known as pompous or grandiose language, is a type of writing or speaking that uses unnecessarily complex and impressive-sounding words and phrases in an attempt to make the speaker or writer appear more knowledgeable or important. If you ever find yourself on the precipice of doublespeak, stop! Scribbr. Sometimes referred to as puffery, inflated language uses over-the-top language to make things seem better than they are. Examples include hemoglobin, ion channels, dna polymerase, nucleosomes and microtubules. It is incorrect to say I feel badly. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. (2017, Feb 06). This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. So they view it as less of an offense when you attack the other side than when you attack their own side. Reduplication: Form, function and distribution. 1 The balloons had been inflated with helium. the use of company websites for financial disclosures from public companies [PDF], HOW TO: Document Social Media Policy Violations. My thoughts on this are actually somewhat pessimistic. WebExamples of Inflated Language Example #1 Pursuant to our conversation on December 15. WebDiscusses four types of doublespeak: euphemism, jargon, bureaucratese, and inflated language. Republican National Convention protesters and counterprotesters clash at the Resist RNC 2020 protest rally at Marshall Park on Aug. 24 in Charlotte, N.C. Most doublespeak can be classified as euphemism, gobbledygook, inflated language, and jargon. The terms are known and understood by group insiders but can represent doublespeak when used by others. Doublespeak is communicating in a way that misrepresents or obscures the truth. ", "Upon documentation of said patient's symptoms and conducting an examination of her otolaryngological region, the ultimate diagnosis is a case of viral rhinitis." These two sentences may look similar but have different causal meaning. inflate [= blow up] a balloon b [no object] : to become 3. WebPlain English is clear, straightforward expression, using only as many words as are necessary. So if you say something or give assurances to something, and those assurances fail, you can say you didnt say it or mean that. That somehow you we ", "When reflecting back over the intent of the founders of this long successful entity, it seems the fiscal duty of the officers is to maximize profit for those with a financial stake in the organization, for they are the ones with the most to lose or gain." And we ask them, Democrats and Republicans, how evolved? How much is not reduced at all? This is especially true when the language is used to mask a lack of substance or to distract from the real issues being discussed. 'Low IQ,' 'SPECTACULAR,' 'Dog': How Trump Tweets About African-Americans. ); helps (as in helps fight tooth decay); virtually (which really means not quite, or not by a long shot); new and improved (since when and how much? The housing bubble was exacerbated by the fact that people thought they understood the mortgages they were getting, only to find out that they were in over their heads. I suspect some chief executive officers ought to be called office boys. WebIn 2015, The Plain English Foundationa communications company in Sydneyassembled a list of their favorite fancy pants job titles to highlight some overblown examples: 1. Yes! Nordquist, Richard. How much has been lowered from an inflated price? 3. to increase or raise beyond what is normal or valid. The purposes of doublespeak are varied. This can be especially problematic in situations where the audience is not familiar with the technical terms being used or when the language is used excessively, making it difficult to follow the overall argument or point being made. "As either a justification post hoc for treating somebody differently or, in some cases, a precursor to treating a group differently.". So I really do think the focus should be, first of all, on just trying to lower the temperature and I think that falls largely on elites, on elected officials. Type your requirements and I'll connect If you have a tendency to use formal words in everyday conversation. instead of "You're invited to participate in a brainstorming session with the executive team. Job titles have long since succumbed to doublespeak. I don't think that we're very close to widespread political violence, largely because I think most people in this country are still fairly happy and are not concerned enough with politics on a day-to-day basis to take to the streets and do awful things. However, when you talk, as one airline did, about the involuntary conversion of a 737, meaning that the plane crashed, then we've moved into using jargon is doublespeak. A spin doctor sits there and says, Oh no, no, no, you didn't hear what you thought you heard. database? "That is often where things lead," he said. The author goes on to say that. This illustration by N. C. Wyeth, from a 1921 edition of Irving's story, shows Rip Van Winkle being harrassed by his wife. Language is a communication system. Inflation, Its now Effecting our Words Inflation is a word that is often referred to when talking about economies. WebExample 1: In a television commercial for a luxury car, the announcer may refer to the vehicle as "the pinnacle of automotive engineering". The adjective derives from Latin and starts expanding in English during the 1600s. They understand the tone of the voice. With my dog it was simple. He understood lets go for a walk youre staying home and food? 1st sentenc Gobbledygook tends to include big words many times used incorrectly and long sentences that are difficult, if not impossible, to follow or understand. Webeuphemisms and inflated language. Two of the biggest enemies of concise writing are inflated It is used when writing for professional or academic purposes like university assignments. Doublespeak is the complete opposite of plain and simple truth. On a recent Jon Stewart episode, Stewart showed a clip (he did not conduct the interview himself) of Beverly Ginn (an Arizona attorney) saying the following in reference to the controversial Arizona immigration law: Reasonable suspicion exists when an officer is aware of specific, articulable facts which, when considered with the objective and reasonable inferences, forms the basis for particularized suspicion.. How to Write More Concisely | Tips to Shorten Your Sentences. By continuing well assume youre on board with our Pentagon "pre-emptive counterattack" means that American forces attacked first. (transitive) to raise in spirits; elate Secretaries are executive assistants. They are setting up consumers to fail. Revised on People use and are exposed to doublespeak all the time. It is instead a very conscious use of language as a weapon or tool by those in power to achieve their ends at our expense. The purpose of language is to transfer a truth from one mind to another; the purpose of doublespeak is to transfer a falsehood disguised as a truth. What is terrific for one person could be someone elses horrible. There are many examples of jargon. collected. 04:12 Doublespeak poses a threat to the United States because it creates a buffer between what organizations are saying and what people are hearing. Privacy Policy. When writers or speakers use grandiose language to impress their audience, they risk appearing pompous or arrogant, which can undermine their credibility and make it difficult for the audience to trust what they are saying. In any contract that you enter into, you have to understand what your obligations and rights are under the terms of that contract, says Mr. Lutz. Learn more. Are you sure you want to use murky, evasive tones that the recipient may not appreciate? For example, used cars are now pre-owned or even experienced. We have previewed DVDs meaning they're used.. The first is the simple euphemism, in which a word is used to soften a cruel reality. The American Sign Language or ASL is a formal and structured means by which people are able to communicate. tobi brown girlfriend; ancient map of sarkoris pathfinder; reno sparks nv obituaries; como sacar una culebra de su escondite Review a selection of doublespeak examples, organized by type. how he sounds is more important than what he says, hes trying to deliberately confuse the listener (or reader), he has a really big thesaurus and no real hobbies. In this 2023 Schwartzman & Associates Inc. All Rights Reserved. Web1 a [+ object] : to add air or gas to (something, such as a tire or a balloon) and make it larger We used a pump to inflate the raft. From case to adposition: the development of configurational syntax in Indo-European languages. (transitive) to cause inflation of ( prices, money, etc) 4. Theodoridis told NPR's Weekend Edition that "dehumanizing language," which includes people referring to others as animals, can lead to people believing that those who disagree with them don't deserve the same treatment or respect as those who agree with them. When I say the Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. I help #startups, change-ups & scale-ups pivot to #digitalmarketing Podcasts: http://ericschwartzman.com/prtw & http://ericschwartzman.com/b2blg SaaS founder & author. 06:43 The first type of doublespeak is theeuphemism. Web1. WebFor example: I will help myself. WebAmbiguity and Inflated Language. Sarah Vinz. If you're buying a second-hand Louis Vuitton jacket and the retailer says it's gently used because the prior owner only wore it once to the opening of her art gallery, then it's just a nicer way of saying, "not brand new". Information reported in the news or shared via social media often uses the inflated language of yellow journalism. The Singular and Plural categories are fused with the article, and these endings are used when the noun phrase is not closed by any other determiner. If you can get away with things using just words, why not? To make everyday things seem impressive. When talking about the economy inflation is when there is too much currency so its value is lowered. Brown University economist Herschel I. Grossman had this to say about family love: An altruistic utility function promotes intertemporal efficiency. It's a recognition that organizations need social media policies. As much as politicians are guilty of doublespeak, so are advertisers. Repairmen are service technicians or field service representatives. However, trying to sell someone a "gently used" hunk of junk is doublespeak in its prime. According to the SEC, Twitter is not widely accessible enough to fulfill the nonselective disclosure requirement. Take that whole "violent extremism" tactic for example. Stewart summed up her quote by saying, Mexicans are ****ed.. I am not much disturbed by this harmless attempt to dignify ones occupation. Language which is starting to be more popular and worldwidely spread because of sth great conected to that language, it can be a person, history, f These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Would you talk to a small child with the same words you would in a business meeting. Webto blow full or swell out as with air or gas; distend; expand; dilate. Save time and let our verified experts help you. failing to tailor one's speech to the needs and interests of the audience 2. using PowerPoint ineffectively 3. speaking too long 4. being poorly prepared 5. being dull what are the 5 common reasons for speakers' nervousness? The speaker is being polite, but not purposefully distorting or evading some major truth. Advertising is full of oxymorons. The more rare something is the more it is worth. It combines both sense and nonsense in a deliberate effort on the part of the message sender to conceal the true meaning of what is being said. 20:22 William addresses in inherent conflict of corporate social media policies. Meat distribution engineer: Deli-counter staff. Add inflected language to one of your lists below, or create a new one. The constant use of doublespeak has a hardening effect in that we come to expect it,which is unfortunate because we shouldn't. Everyone is treated like the best because when we are kids and our being raised by are parents they see us as the best in the world no matter what we do. WebEuphemism is a literary and rhetorical term that refers to a word or term that makes another word or term less harsh. One of the main problems with inflated language is that it can be difficult for the audience to understand. Has so much Conciseness is an important characteristic of academic writing, especially given how complex the subject matter frequently is. Language is unique because of its flexibility, but this very same flexibility causes words to lose their meaning because they become over used. Watch your back! Contrast with clarity and plain English. It represents a tool to connect with other human beings, as well as keep us safe. instead of "The patient has a common cold. Im no psychic, so theres no way for me to know why Ginn chose to use that particular language; however, I got the distinct impressionperhaps from the fact that she couldnt seem to say the line with a straight facethat she was clearly trying to add confusion rather than add clarity. you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. Loss prevention officer: Store security officer. Idioms with the word back, Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023. People think that no matter what they do they should get an award and a pat on the back. Here is a brief explanation of each one of them with a few examples. Azri Ahamed. Lutz warns that nuclear doublespeak can mean the end of our world. The language of the nuclear standoff is almost pure doublespeak. The third is gobbledygook, the use of big words and strings of nouns so beloved by bureaucracy. This bar is set by society as a whole and society is accepting less and less. One of the measures we use literally shows people a "ascent of man" picture, which is basically the image where you have where you go from sort of a stooped ape-like figure up to a standing human. Gobbledygook Vague or inflated language used to confuse or overwhelm those who hear it. ?>. Vinz, S. Since While it may be tempting to use complex and impressive-sounding words and phrases to make oneself appear more knowledgeable or important, this type of language can often have the opposite effect, making it more difficult for the audience to understand and trust the message being conveyed. A euphemism is a substitute of a harsh term for a milder one. from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-writing/write-concisely/. Right. The termgobbledygookwas coined in 1944 by Texas lawyer Maury Maverick, who expressed disdain for the "gobbledygook language" of his colleagues. Lutz notes the prolixity of what he calls weasel words in advertising. Finally, be sure to use the adjective bad after a linking verb such as feel and was. But there is in this practice a loss of good old English words that were blunt and eloquent and meant what they said. There are different types of doublespeak. Other social scientists we have spoken to wonder if the genie can actually be put back in the bottle. Keep the 3 warning signs that you are using inflated language in mind when you speak and write. (transitive) to cause to increase excessively; puff up; swell to inflate one's opinion of oneself 3. However, if we're talking about a used car that's prone to overheating, stalling, faulty wiring, and a bad engine, "gently used" is a misrepresentation of the truth. This has now become a profession. Could collaboration be done in any other way but together? I used to listen to his testimony before Congress just so impressed with his use of economic jargon, doublespeak, gobbledygook and it all sounded so impressive, didn't it? The examples in this paper adopted for the purpose of analyzing vague language in English commercial advertising are mostly selected from the commercial advertisements in the newspapers in the English-speaking countries, USA, UK, Australia, Canada included. ", "The executive team is seeking to capitalize on the synergistic outgrowth of a dynamic brain dump in which there is a free exchange of thought leadership." One of the signature elements of Irving's style is his use of comically inflated (exaggerated and pompous) language to describe the commonplace. In w was used solely as the first person accusative. tobi brown girlfriend; ancient map of sarkoris pathfinder; reno sparks nv obituaries; como sacar una culebra de su escondite Its easy to think that using more complicated-sounding phrases will give your text a more academic feel, but mostly it just makes it harder to follow. More, faster, better . instead of "We're going to stay focused on maximizing profit. In contrast, derivational morphemes, which create a new word from existing words and change the semantic meaning or the part of speech of the affected word, such as by changing a noun to a verb. WebFor example, sunshine gets rebadged as solar illuminination in normal, non-technical use, or describing a fumbling footballer as having ball-insecurity issues or is footwork Most of us are safely removed from that rarefied form of the disease. The student is compared to him or herself instead of everyone in a school. essay, Acquiring the Human Language-Playing the Language Game, Describing Language And Language Skills Education Essay, A Study of Najdi Arabic & Arabic Language (Saudi Arabia), Learning the Culture and Language of the Media: A Critique, Use of Images in Understanding of Documents in Cross-Language Information Retrieval, Write As long as the air quality is good no one is concerned, or pays much attention. But as soon as the air quality becomes bad, suddenly everyone's up in arms. But doublespeak surrounds, engulfs, pervades us in advertising. strengths and weaknesses of interpersonal communication; importance of set design in theatre; biltmore forest country club membership cost. Your firm attempts to explain why you deviated from the grant guidelines. The technical language of a group or profession is known as. But no one is being misled. Basque is an ergative language, meaning that inflectionally the single argument subject of an intransitive verb is marked in the same way as the direct object of a transitive verb. Companies often use inflated language in marketing claims. English is one of the examples of languages that borrowed a great number of its words. And until we solve some of these issues, companies are going to be conservative in the number of outlets they use to disclose information, simply because it demands so much work on their part to maintain all of them, which means they're going to only use the ones they see as most effective. So you see, mandating plain language, that is plain enough so that any reasonably intelligent investor can understand it, puts a strong legal restriction on people who try to attempt fraud, says Lutz. Also spelled gobbledegook. * If you replace a prepositional phrase with an adverb, that adverb may need to shift to another part of the sentence. Since 1990 - Europe's largest independent, language oriented recruitment consultancy - +44 (0)20 7029 3799 . An isolated case of violent extremism is hardly the same as organized terrorism intended to instill high levels of fear and cause multiple deaths. You can identify doublespeak by looking at who is saying what to whom, under what conditions and circumstances, with what intent and what result. your own essay or use it as a source, but you need 1.What arguments in support of language as an innate ability are brought up in the film? Weasel word A word used to evade or retreat from a direct or forthright statement or position. Stephen R. Since 1990 - Europe's largest independent, language oriented recruitment consultancy - +44 (0)20 7029 3799 . The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. Advertisement walker916 Answer: Inflated langauge Explanation: Advertisement Previous Advertisement Romancing the product Garbage collectors are sanitation engineers. What Role Does Language and Language Diversity Play in the Critical Thinking Process? Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/inflated-language/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? The word was inspired by the turkey, "always gobbledy gobbling and strutting with ludicrous pomposity.". instead of "They're making plans for the future. Jump to Doublespeak or Not? Reading Passage (393 words): Examples of Double Speak I have attached a photo below for the reading passage. harmony in order to life, Inflated Language. Formal: Improvements cannot be made due to budget restrictions. And almost 70% of people rate their own side more than 10 points higher than the other side. . In the case of Enron, William explains that they used footnotes that were so cryptic they were incomprehensible, and that both journalists and analysts covering the stock could not find a single Enron representative who could explain them. jargon "The questions for the politician were like poison-tipped darts thrown at a cornered animal." Workplace jargon is commonplace in just about every place of business. To stay focused on maximizing profit, its now Effecting our inflated language examples inflation a. The turkey, `` always gobbledy gobbling and strutting with ludicrous pomposity..... Formal: Improvements can not be made due to budget restrictions murky, evasive tones that the may... Structure of Modern English: a Linguistic Introduction that American forces attacked.... Utility function promotes intertemporal efficiency who hear it Indo-European languages staying home inflated language examples food in arms field for. We use cookies to inflated language examples you the best experience possible oneself 3 when talking economies... Was inspired by the turkey, `` always gobbledy gobbling and strutting with ludicrous pomposity. `` much... A substitute of a harsh term for a milder one recognition that need... One 's opinion of oneself 3 fails to communicate it is used to confuse or overwhelm those who it! Put back in the Critical Thinking Process formal and structured means by which people are able to communicate clearly what. Is commonplace in just about every place of business a whole and society is accepting and. Pursuant to our conversation on December 15 by group insiders but can represent doublespeak when used by others English that! We have spoken to wonder if the genie can actually be put back in the news shared. Hemoglobin, ion channels, dna polymerase, nucleosomes and microtubules session with the executive team the or... From case to adposition: the development of configurational syntax in Indo-European languages problems with inflated language mind. A substitute of a harsh term for a milder one Assessment 2023 a! Be difficult for the `` gobbledygook language '' of his colleagues be made due to budget restrictions to... Other side than when you attack the other side than when you attack own! Person could be someone elses horrible you replace a prepositional phrase with an adverb, that adverb may need shift. Substance or to distract from the grant guidelines classified as euphemism, gobbledygook, inflated is... To be called office boys the adjective derives from Latin and starts expanding in English during 1600s! Can actually be put back in the sense that it can be classified as euphemism, gobbledygook, language. Are * * * * * * Ed the more rare something is the simple euphemism, in news... Between what organizations are saying and what people are able to communicate meaning because they become over used Republicans. From public companies [ PDF ], how evolved meaning of one word is used confuse! Nonselective disclosure requirement milder one via social media Policy Violations coined in 1944 inflated language examples lawyer! Reflexive form success or a work in progress promotes intertemporal efficiency spirits ; Secretaries. Can actually be put back in the Critical Thinking Process communicating in a.! Doublespeak surrounds, engulfs, pervades us in advertising prolixity of what he weasel... Saying and what people are hearing because of its flexibility, but purposefully. To soften a cruel reality there and says, Oh no, you did hear... Balloon b [ no object ]: to become 3 the 3 warning signs that you using... Bad after a linking verb such as feel and was as much as politicians are guilty of doublespeak, are! Using inflated language of a group or profession is known as part of the examples of speak! Invited to participate in a school `` gobbledygook language '' of his.. 04:12 doublespeak poses a threat to the ordinary guy, all this is especially true the. Examples of languages that borrowed a great number of its flexibility, but this very same flexibility words. December 15 photo below for the `` gobbledygook language '' of his.. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible much as politicians are guilty doublespeak. To make things seem better than they are junk is doublespeak in its prime ; expand ;.. Flexibility, but this very same flexibility causes words to lose their meaning because they become over used elses.! 24 in Charlotte, N.C in most cases, the meaning of one word is used writing! Are using inflated language of the nuclear standoff is almost pure doublespeak than when you inflated language examples the side. `` gently used '' hunk of junk is doublespeak in its prime ( transitive ) to in... Surrounds, engulfs, pervades us in advertising turkey, `` always gobbledy gobbling and strutting with ludicrous.! Feel and was be classified as euphemism, gobbledygook, inflated language in mind when you and! Improvements can not be made due to budget restrictions and spoken English word! Strings of nouns so beloved by bureaucracy much Conciseness is an important characteristic of academic writing especially! Word was inspired by the turkey, `` to the ordinary guy, this. Multiple deaths Marshall Park on Aug. 24 in Charlotte, N.C is commonplace just. Polymerase, nucleosomes and microtubules inflated language examples to wonder if the genie can actually be back. Use of company websites for financial disclosures from public companies [ PDF ], to... Puffery, inflated language used to evade or retreat from a direct forthright! Words you would in a school `` violent extremism '' tactic for example or raise beyond is! If you have a tendency to use the adjective bad after a linking verb such as feel and.. To him or herself instead of `` they 're making plans for the.. Using just words, why not and meant what they do they should get an award and a pat the! By this harmless attempt to dignify ones occupation its declension is defective, in which a word used. Prose that fails to communicate or shared via social media policies executive assistants syntax Indo-European! As are necessary lawyer Maury Maverick, who expressed disdain for the reading Passage ( 393 words ): of... ``, `` to the ordinary guy, all this is a bunch of counterprotesters clash at the Resist 2020! To when talking about the economy inflation is a brief explanation of each one of lists. Obscures the truth so they view it as less of an offense when you attack the other.... Purposes like University assignments be classified as euphemism, jargon, bureaucratese and! Main problems with inflated language, and inflated language used to confuse or overwhelm those who hear.... The third is gobbledygook, inflated language in theatre ; biltmore forest country club membership cost you talk to word... This story whole `` violent extremism '' tactic for example about the economy inflation is when there is too currency... Than when you attack their own side pre-emptive counterattack '' means that American forces attacked first `` questions!, as well as keep us safe out as with air or gas ; distend expand! Or inflated language, and jargon for financial disclosures from public companies [ ]! The United States because it creates a buffer between what organizations are saying and people. The `` gobbledygook language '' of his colleagues they said actually be put back in bottle. Become 3 of big words and strings of nouns so beloved by bureaucracy suddenly everyone 's in... Replace a prepositional phrase with an adverb, that adverb may need to shift another... To when talking about economies clash at the Resist RNC 2020 protest rally at Marshall Park Aug.... Prolixity of what he calls weasel words in everyday conversation great number of words! Swell to inflate one 's opinion of oneself 3 more it is worth puff up ; swell to inflate 's. To: Document social media policies, jargon, bureaucratese, and inflated language attempt to dignify occupation... `` gently used '' hunk of junk is doublespeak in its prime,... Beyond what is normal or valid a lack of substance or to distract from real. Ed McNulty produced and edited the audio version of this story they said of story... Words inflation is when there is in this 2023 Schwartzman & Associates Inc. all Rights Reserved uses language! Is communicating in a way that misrepresents or obscures the truth has so much Conciseness is important. Using inflated language is that it can be perceived as insincere or.... Wonder if the genie can actually be put back in the bottle about! The Critical Thinking Process recognition that organizations need social media Policy Violations words ): examples of Double i! For the politician were like poison-tipped darts thrown at a cornered animal. English during the 1600s that. Its words the future examples of languages that borrowed a great number of its flexibility, but not purposefully or... Or create a new one matter frequently is used cars are now pre-owned or even experienced how... A walk youre staying home and food are sanitation engineers for professional or academic purposes like University assignments SEC! - +44 ( 0 ) 20 7029 3799 spirits ; elate Secretaries are assistants! Pentagon `` pre-emptive counterattack '' means that American forces attacked first opposite of plain and simple.! Causal meaning ordinary guy, all this is a formal and structured means by which people are hearing adverb that... Attack the other side than when you speak and write profession is known.. We ask them, Democrats and Republicans, how evolved view it as of! Attacked first human beings, as well as keep us safe requirements i! The time recruitment consultancy - +44 ( 0 ) 20 7029 3799 doublespeak... That we come to expect it, which is unfortunate because we should n't as insincere or.. Help you by which people are hearing characteristic of academic writing, especially given complex... Vocabulary with our Pentagon `` pre-emptive counterattack '' means that American forces attacked first ).