return hit; He is an iNARTE Certified Product Safety Engineer. Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. For the systems integrator, managed power provides the ability to provide a new suite of services to the customer that monitor, alert, manage and provide detailed reporting on systems solutions remotely. height: 1em !important; __gtagTrackerOptout(); Several such incidents in the United States have been publicly reported during the last 30 years, including saboteurs operating in the Pacific Northwest and those using power lines and transformers for target practice on the East Coast. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. Furthermore, IEC 62368-1, the new international hazard-based safety engineering standard for audio/video, information and communication technology is well-suited for use in this modular-safety approach. 2004. Hazard-Base Safety Engineering Standard IEC 62368-1 }; } The smart grid unlocks greener models. arguments[5] : 1, } else { This information allows consumers to be charged variable rates for energy, based upon supply and demand. Human System Interactions, Catania, Italy, 2009, pp. McQueen and Boyer describe several potential dissimulation and simulation techniques that can be used for control systems. Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is an approach to integrating electrical consumers based upon the development of open standards. function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. Those attackers are normally driven by intellectual challenge and curiosity. Power Delivery, vol. In the New York City blackout of 1977, for example, damage from looting and arson alone totaled about US$155 millionroughly half of its total cost. Some of these components are vulnerable to saboteurs with explosives or just high-powered rifles. The report also documented the potential costs of widespread outages, estimating them to be in the range of US$1 to US$5 per kWh of disrupted service, depending on the length of the outage, the types of customers affected, and a variety of other factors. The solid line shows the bounding values for DC . With diminished transmission and generation capacity and with dramatic increases in interregional bulk power transfers and the diversity of transactions, the electric power grid is being used in ways for which it was not originally designed. Multiple layers of safety features are incorporated into the design of the radioisotope power systems (or RPS) used by NASA. for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { In Compliance is a leading source of news, information, education, and inspiration for electrical and electronics engineering professionals. For example, if we have a smart meter with integral information technology and telecommunication interfaces, you could use the international or locally-adopted safety standard for power meters, then use IEC 62368-1 to evaluate the type of personnel that would require access to the smart meter (skilled, instructed, or ordinary), [3] and then determine the level of safeguarding necessary in such areas as isolation from the power equipment, isolation from the telecommunication equipment, construction of the enclosure as a safeguard against accessibility to shock and containment of fire, and so forth. Plugs into a standard wall socket. } return; The machine will turn on. Awareness, education, and pragmatic tool development in this vital area continue to remain challenges. As a trusted and reliable manufacturer of power products, we make it our goal to bring you quality devices that you can count on. Smart Touch sealed touch pads provide operator interactive capabilities; manual override/control parameters.send_to = exactmetrics_frontend.ua; Credit:3.00 unit(s)Related Certificate Programs:Power Systems Engineering. The smart grid would also manage the connection of millions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the power system. It may be necessary to use surge protection devices, either integral to the equipment, or externally connected to limit transient voltages from Overvoltage Category III and IV to Overvoltage Category II. 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', Emerging standards fall well short of achieving this ultimate goal. Additionally, intra-campus communication conductors, such as those used for intra-system communications or status alarms, will also need to be protected like telecommunication conductors in accordance with the local electrical code or practices. The benefits associated with the Smart Grid include: Quicker restoration of electricity after power disturbances. This would mean that either IEC 60950-1 or IEC 62368-1 are used to evaluate the communications and information technology subsystems, and communication links would be classified TNV, limited-power circuits, or the like if metallic, and other non-metallic communication technologies such as optical or wireless would be evaluated accordingly. IEC 62368-1 is the new hazard-based safety engineering standard covering audio/video, information and communication technology equipment. (!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { var em_track_user = true; if ('send' === arguments[0]) { AMI enables consumer-friendly efficiency concepts like Prices to Devices. With this, assuming that energy is priced on what it costs in near real-time, price signals are relayed to smart home controllers or end-consumer devices like thermostats, washer/dryers, or refrigerators, typically the major consumers of electricity in the home. Articles 1-20. }; One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. Within less than a year after the August 2007 collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a city of sorts on the south side of the former bridge took shape, complete with a host of heavy-duty equipment pieces, temporary on-site areas for casting and other tasks, and crews constantly at work. As plug-in electric vehicles replace gasoline-only burning vehicles on the market, parking lots will need to be equipped with outdoor charging stations. } They incorporated a sensor network into the new I-35W bridge (at less than 0.5% of total cost) that provides full -situational awareness of stressors, fatigue, material, and chemical changes, so as to measure and understand the precursors to failure and to enable proactive and corrective actions. In the smart grid (SG), energy management guarantees supply and demand balance while adhering to all system restrictions for cost-effective, dependable, and safe electrical system operation [4-7]. The size and complexity of the North American electric power grid makes it impossible both financially and logistically to physically protect the entire infrastructure. Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . Currently, in the United States alone it is estimated that US$6 billion is lost by electricity providers to consumer fraud in the electric grid. To protect control systems, well-established information security practices must also be utilized. Contact: For more information about this course, please email [email protected], Course Number:ECE-40314 This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. The Smart Power Flow Control (SPFC) strategy driven with ICT using PMUs signals can be a new generation control strategies. window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; Grid congestion and atypical power flows have been increasing during the last 25 years, while customer expectations of reliability and cyber and physical security are rising to meet the needs of a pervasively digital world. For example, Figure 3 shows the percentage of IT and security executives from critical infrastructure enterprises located in 14 countries around the world reporting large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and their frequency. Within the context of smart grids, there are different kinds of supporting technologies, such as smart meters that can help monitor energy consumption and promote more effective distribution.[1]. A security framework is considered as the skeleton on which various elements are integrated for the appropriate management of security risk. Smart Substations: substations are included monitoring and control non-critical and critical operational data such as power status, power factor performance, breaker, security, transformer status, etc. This is based on logarithmic plot of drain current against Drain-to-Source voltage as shown in the figure. } } /* Opt-out function */ History of Evolution The results of a 2007 McAfee survey highlight the pervasiveness of such attacks. In order to defend against the vulnerabilities described above, several security features need to be incorporated into the development of AMI, along with new privacy laws to protect consumers. } The driving scientific motivation is to further our understanding of adaptive self-healing and self-organizing mechanisms that can be applied to the development of secure, resilient, and robust overlaid and integrated energy, power, sensing, communication, and control networks. 5966, Mar./Apr. Cyberthreat evolution (source: EPRI). if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { S. Massoud Amin and Anthony M. Giacomoni. Please contact the Science & Technology department at 858-534-3229 or [email protected] for information about when this course will be offered again. Sign in to download full-size image Figure 3.23.4.2. This article provides a brief overview of smart-grid technology, and then explores the safety considerations that should be addressed in the design of smart grid technology equipment, particularly in low-voltage AC power applications operating below 1000 V AC. Smart switch applications Smart switches can be used in numerous applications, with motor and LED drivers being among the most common. window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; For over 30 years more electrical power professionals have used this guide for safe, economical system operation than any other in print. Wide output frequency range - two ranges available from . Conversely, an unintentional island can be created when a segment of the utility grid containing only customer-owned generation and load is isolated from the utility control. You can also use the thermostat's app to control the temperature. But these systems are also used by people who live near the grid and wish to obtain independence from the power provider or demonstrate a commitment to non . Our smart power system provider of choice. Because Power System Operation, by Robert Miller and James Malinowski, presents more of the fundamental principles and methods dispatchers and operators need in a clear, easy-to-understand style. This paper describes the security risks, security objectives and security research trends in smart grid. Consumer Electronics It uses the three-block model for pain and injury from the energy source to the person, with the middle block covering the safeguarding necessary to prevent or limit the harmful energy to a person. 'title': 'page_title', console.log(""); __gaTracker.getAll = function () { That is, rather than develop a single standard for, say, a new electrical service equipment with intelligence, for a smart meter, it would make sense to continue to use the base product safety standard for meters, but plug-in the additional telecommunications and information technology safety modules. In the USA, it consists of more than 9,200 electric generating units with more than 1 million megawatts of generating capacity connected to more than 300,000 miles of transmission lines. There are no sections of this course currently scheduled. margin: 0 0.07em !important; 'ga-disable-UA-3983727-10', Transportation systems, including military and commercial aircraft and land and sea vessels, depend on communication and energy networks. Research findings suggest that human and organizational factors do affect computer and information security performance in a multilayered fashion. The adjunct to the magazine is the monthly PES eNews Update. $(document).ready(function() { Power system security - Introduction Practically, the power system needs to be secured.We need to protect it from the black out or any internal or external damage.The operation of the power system is set to be normal only when the flow of power and the bus voltages are within the limits even though there is a change in the load or at the generation side. The best of American innovation is yet to come, and the smart grid must be part of our future. Terrorists can remotely manipulate and cripple national power system. /*
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